Chapter 19: Diseases Of The Skin And Eyes; Wounds And Bites

Question 1

Folliculitis

Answer 1

Causative agent: bacteria (S aureus)
Characteristics: pimples (pustules)
Signs/symptoms: pustules grow into abscess/furuncle (inner vs external), then carbuncle
Treatment: lance the abscess, clean wound, antibiotics

Question 2

Scalded skin syndrome

Answer 2

Causative agent: bacteria (s aureus)
Characteristics: strains produce exotoxin (exfoliatin) which separates skin in layers
Signs/symptoms: peeling, high fever, bacteremia, potential septicemia
Treatment: antibiotics

Question 3

Scarlet fever

Answer 3

Causative agent: bacteria (S pyogenes)
Characteristics: phage that infect bacteria cause it to produce B hemolysin, “group A strep”, produces hyalironidase
Signs/symptoms: fever, red rash, sore throat
Treatment: antibiotics

Question 4

Impetigo

Answer 4

Causative agent: bacteria (strep, staph, or both)
Characteristics: highly contagious, no fever, mostly seen in kids
Signs/symptoms: pustules form
Treatment: antibiotics

Question 5

Burn infections

Answer 5

Causative agent: various bacteria (most often P aeru)
Characteristics: lose protective skin, bacteria gets in
Signs/symptoms: patients can become septic
Treatment: antibiotics

Question 6

Rubella (German Measles)

Answer 6

Causative agent: rubella virus
Characteristics: mild, contagious
Signs/symptoms: flat, pink exanthema (skin rash), swollen lymph nodes
Treatment: supportive care
Prevention: MMR vaccine

Question 7

Rubeola (Measles)

Answer 7

Causative agent: rubeola virus
Characteristics: severe, rarely fatal, can cause brain damage
Signs/symptoms: red, raised exanthema, kopliks spots, conjunctivitis
Treatment: often leads to secondary infection
Prevention: MMR vaccine

Question 8

Chickenpox

Answer 8

Causative agent: varicella zoster (a herpes virus)
Characteristics: rarely fatal, passed via respiratory droplets
Signs/symptoms: fever, itchy rash
Treatment: supportive care
Prevention: vaccine (1995)

Question 9

Shingles

Answer 9

Causative agent: virus
Characteristics: latent virus that can reactivate later in life
Signs/symptoms: painful lesions along nerves
Treatment: antiviral and nerve pain meds

Question 10

Smallpox

Answer 10

Causative agent: orthopoxvirus
Signs/symptoms: pus filled lesions, high fever, headache, sometimes fatal, sepsis
Treatment: supportive care
Prevention: it’s eradicated, vaccine

Question 11

Ringworm

Answer 11

Causative agent: fungus
Characteristics: red raised circle
Treatment: topical anti fungal

Question 12

Candida mycoses

Answer 12

Causative agent: Candida albicans (yeast)

• Oral thrush
• vaginitis

Question 13

Opthalmia neonatorum

Answer 13

Causative agent: gonorrheae or chlamydia
Characteristics: transmitted to baby’s eyes while passing through birth canal
Signs/symptoms: pus production, conjunctivitis, corneal scarring/blindness
Treatment: tetracycline

Question 14

Trachoma

Answer 14

Causative agent: chlamydia trachomatis
Characteristics: transmitted by vectors
Signs/symptoms: swollen, pebbled conjunctiva which can cause blindness
Treatment: antibiotics, hygiene

Question 15

Gas gangrene

Answer 15

Causative agent: 2+ clostridium species together
Characteristics: sores get inside a deep wound and germinate, toxins are released that ferret and kill tissue
Signs/Symptoms: odor, blackening of tissue
Treatment: removal of necrotic tissue(amputation), antibiotics and antitoxins

Question 16

Cat scratch fever

Answer 16

Causative agent: bacteria (bartonella henselae, afipia felis)
Characteristics: bacteria from bites/scratches
Signs/symptoms: mild fever, headache, pustules
Treatment: bartonella:antibiotics, afipia:nothing