chapter 20 terms Flashcards
the nomans
they were founders of the english monochy, and decendents of Vikings. they created a centralized state. Norman lords had created disciplines arimes. the normans were good political and military leaders. the dukes held the land and p;revented the owners rights to grant land to others. this helped to prevent conflict over land. it also helped to prevent lords from fighing over land and gaining power.
the three estates: Social groups
those who fight
those who work
those who pray
all three estates had rights only allowed to their “exclusive” group. it was similar to the caste system in India, but the groups weren’t entierly permanetn but most of the time your born into an estate. this shows the social political, and economic equality amoung the three social estates
guilds
they were groups of perople who specialized in making a certain craft of trade goods. workers belonged to a guild who set prices and standerds for all workers in the guild. guilds stopped competition among workers who sold the same goods. guilds also extended into the family. a worker in a guild could rely on the guild to provide financial and a moral support.
Iron plow/ horse collar/ new crops
the iron plow and horse collar were advancments in technology that had a major effect on the production and expansion of the land used for growing crops. the improced methods of farming lead to the increase of the quality and number of food. the crops also started to incluide new vegetables, beans and peas. these new crops became a part of the european diet which resulted in population growth
universities
students and teachers organized an academic guild and demanded rights from political authority. teachers would have a curriculum they used to teach their students. only faculty guilds could give students degrees, which allowed them to teach in other cities. Universities originated from small cathedral schools. the universities provided an education for those willing to attend the leactures. soon large universities in Rome, Oxford and Cambridge began appearing in Europe.
Dominicians and Franciscans
both worked in the Roman Church. ST. Dominic and St. Francis had organized movements that taught spirituality over material values. they both created orders of beggers/ mendicants called the Dominician and franciscan friars who lived simple lives with no possesions, and begged for food from the peropl they preached to. one of their main jobs was to stop heritics and persuade them to return to the Roman Catholic Church. They also helped aomodate large amounts of migrants who the church could not serve.
Venice
it is one of the italian city-states, which controled itself and surrounfing aread. it was also a starting point during the fourth crusade (1202-1204). the fourth crusade’s goal was to conqure port city Zara, and later Constantinople. the venetian authorities persuaded the crusaders. this lead to the sacking of Constantinople and the instulation of the Roman Catholic rule in the Byzantine Empire.
The crusades
a serious of religious wars fought by the pope’s army. Crusade means holy war. the men in the popes army fought for god and for Christianity. they also fought for gold and glory. the crusades were large attemprs to recaptire Palestine and Jerusalem from the Muslims. The attemps sometimes worked but Turkish and Muslim forces would reclaim the land shortly after.
Spanish Ronconquista
1060- 1492
Christian states such as Catalinia and Leon resisted Muslim forces. Those Christian states in the North had conqured back land in southern Spain as far as toledo. By 1180CE they reclaimed half of their land back. as land was taken back from the muslims the roman catholic church established a foothold in those cities. the success of the reconquest lead to the involvment of the Roman Catholic Church in spain
