CHAPTER 20

Question 1

what occurs most frequently? viral, bacterial, or fungal infections

Answer 1

viral

Question 2

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 2

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 3

What is the CNS composed of?

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What are the main parts of the brain?

Answer 4

cerebrum controls voluntary muscles, perception, and thinking; cerebellum controls many involuntary body movements; brain stem controls breathing, heart rate, bp

Question 5

How far does spinal cord extend?

Answer 5

brain stem to lumbar region

Question 6

Where do cranial nerves extend?

Answer 6

from brain through holes in cranial bones

Question 7

Where do spinal nerves extend?

Answer 7

spinal cord through vertebral gaps

Question 8

What are the 3 types of nerves?

Answer 8

sensory, motor, mixed

Question 9

What are sensory nerves?

Answer 9

carry signals toward the CNS

Question 10

What are motor nerves?

Answer 10

carries signals away from CNS

Question 11

What are mixed nerves?

Answer 11

carry signals toward and away from CNS

Question 12

What are the two basic cell types in the nervous system?

Answer 12

neuroglia and neurons

Question 13

What are neuroglia?

Answer 13

provide support, insulation, and nutrients; phagocytize microbes

Question 14

What are neurons?

Answer 14

carry nerve impulses, nucleus lies in cell body, ganglion is collection of many neurons’ cell bodies, dendrites and axons extend from cell body

Question 15

What is synapse?

Answer 15

junction at the terminal ends of axons; mediates signal transfer to postsynaptic cell; synaptic cleft stops transmission of electrical signals

Question 16

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 16

chemical signals between cells; may be either stimulatory or inhibitory

Question 17

What type of environment is the CNS?

Answer 17

axenic- it has no normal microbiota

Question 18

What are ways pathogens can access the CNS?

Answer 18

break in bones and meninges, medical procedures, travel in peripheral neurons to the CNS, infect and kill cells of the meninges causing meningitis, inflammation can alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier

Question 19

viruses more readily cross the______

Answer 19

blood-brain barrier

Question 20

polio only exists endemically in what 2 countries

Answer 20

pakistan and nigeria

Question 21

t or f

protozoan infections of the nervous system are common

Answer 21

false; rare

Question 22

mycoses are spread from the lungs to the CNS via the____

Answer 22

blood

Question 23

a prion is a ____ _____

Answer 23

infection protein

Question 24

a prion disease leaves the brains of the victims ______

Answer 24

full of holes

Question 25

Sties are caused by what bacteria

Answer 25

S. aureus

Question 26

define sties

Answer 26

infections of sebaceous glands near eye

Question 27

define Ophthalmia neonatorum – N. gonorrhoeae

Answer 27

inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea of a

newborn

Question 28

define conjunctivitis

Answer 28

inflammation of conjuctiva

Question 29

define keratitis

Answer 29

inflammation of the cornea