Chapter 2 Visual Shit

Question 1

What is perception

Answer 1

Uses previous knowledge to gather and interpret the stimuli registered by the senses
Object and pattern recognition

Question 2

What is distal stimulus

Answer 2

The actual abject that is “out there: in the enviroment

Question 3

What is the proximal stimulus

Answer 3

The information registered on your sensory receptors

Question 4

What is sensory memory

Answer 4

A large capacity storage system that records information from each of the senses with reasonable accuracy

Question 5

What is iconic/visual-sensory memory

Answer 5

Preserves an image of a visual stimulus for a brief period after the stimulus has disappeared

Question 6

What is retina

Answer 6

Covers the inside back portion of your eye; contains millions of neurons that register and Stan’s it visual information from the outside world

Question 7

What is the primary visual cortex

Answer 7

Located in the occipital lobe of the brain; it is the portion of your cerebral cortex that is concerned with basic processing of visual stimuli

Question 8

What is gestalt psychology

Answer 8

Humans have a basic tendency to organize what they see

Question 9

What is an ambiguous figure-ground relatntionship

Answer 9

When its hard to tell what’s the figure and whats the ground

Question 10

What is gestalt psychology

Answer 10

Human has the tendency to organize what they see, we see patterns rather then arrangements

Question 11

What are the figure and ground

Answer 11

Figure-shape with defined edges
Ground-everything else

Question 12

What are illusory/subjective contours

Answer 12

An illusion where we see edges even through they are not physically present in the stimulus

Question 13

What are templates

Answer 13

The specific pattern that you have stored in memory that you compare stimuli to

Question 14

What is the future-analysis theory

Answer 14

To identify a stimuli we look at a small number of characteristics or components

Question 15

What is a distinctive feature of

Answer 15

Each feature that we pull out to identify a stimuli

Question 16

What is a geon

Answer 16

Simple 3d shape

Question 17

What did Irving biederman did

Answer 17

Combined geons to form meaningful objects
Used in FMRI research

Question 18

What is viewer-centered approach

Answer 18

We store multiple views of objects, rather than a single view

Question 19

Bottom-up vs top-down processing

Answer 19

Bottom- emphasizes stimulus characteristics (looking at someone and it builds into something in our mind)
Top- emphasizes concepts, expectations, memory (what are we expecting to see)

Question 20

What is word superiority effect

Answer 20

We can identify a single letter more accurately and more rapidly when it appears in a meaningful word than when it appears Aline or in a sting of unrelated letters.

Question 21

What is change blindness

Answer 21

When we fail to detect a change in an object or a scene

Question 22

What is inattentional blindness

Answer 22

When we fail to notice when unexpected but completely visible abject suddenly appears
Ecological validity

Question 23

What is gestalt

Answer 23

The overall quality that transcends its individual elements

Question 24

What is prosopagnosia

Answer 24

A condition where people can’t recognize human faces, despite perceiving other objects relatively normally

Question 25

What is phoneme

Answer 25

The basic units of spoken sounds such as the sounds a, k, and th

Question 26

What are the four characteristics of speech perception

Answer 26

You know the ends of words even when they are not separated by silence.
Phoneme pronunciation varies tremendously
Content allows listeners to fill in some missing sounds
Visual cures from the speakers mouth help interpret

Question 27

What are word boundaries

Answer 27

The actual acoustical stimulus of spoken languages doesn’t show clear-cut pauses to make the boundaries between words

Question 28

What is inter-speaker variability

Answer 28

The term used to refer to the observation that different spearmen’s of the same language produce the same sound differently

Question 29

What is coaticulation

Answer 29

When you are pronouncing a particular phoneme, your mouth remains in somewhat the same shape it was when you pronounced the previous phoneme; in addition, your mouth is preparing to pronounce the next phoneme

Question 30

What is phonemic restoration

Answer 30

You can fill in a missing phoneme, using contextual meaning as a cue

Question 31

Approach/speech-is-special approach

Answer 31

Human are born with a specialized device that allows us to decode speech stimuli

Question 32

General mechanism approaches

Answer 32

Human use the same neural mechanisms to process both speech sounds and no speech sounds
ERPS

Question 33

The McGurk effect

Answer 33

The auditory component of one sound is parked with the visual component of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound
Compromise between discrepancy sources of information