Chapter 2 Study Questions (Part 2) Flashcards
order the various types of bonds in terms of strength from weakest to strongest
london; dipole-dipole/hydrogen; ionic; covalent
how do amine groups buffer against pH?
by capturing a third H+. forms a coordinate covalent bond by sneaking in to the accessible outer shell.
N and O can form a coordinate covalent bond due to the accessibility of the outer shell.
what is the common characteristic of steroid hormones?
4 ring structure from cholesterol.
basic structure of 3(6C) rings and 1(5C) ring.
what would happen to a cell if it stored lots of glucose molecules and why would this occur?
what: grow to unhealthy size, ineffective in function
why: absorb way too much water!
what is the particular chemical property of glucose that is responsible for this problem?
lots of hydroxyls. hydroxyls are polar, so they attract water.
how does storing glucose as a glycogen solve this problem?
glucose makes up glycogen. glucose molecules in glycogen interact with themselves rather than water. plus lots of branching. glycogen interacts with itself in addition to interacting with water.
glycogen binds less water when it’s covalently added to a large glycogen particle
why is extensive branching within glycogen advantageous?
glucose can only be removed from the ends of branches. the more available ends, the faster glucose can be added or removed. by rapidly releasing glucose, you’re breaking it down to make energy.
what is the most common form of fat storage? what is its general composition?
triglycerides. glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains.
what type of bond do proteases cleave?
peptide bonds
what are the four levels of protein structure?
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
what kind of bonds are involved in forming primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure?
1: peptide; heat disrupts configuration
2: hydrogen; heat disrupts configuration
3: all types; heat disrupts configuration
4: all types; heat disrupts configuration
why should i care about what type of bond proteases cleave? in other words, why is that clinically important?
my stomach may chew up ADH injectable form, so we need the pill. it tells us HOW to ADMINISTER MEDICINE.
what are cyclic nucleotides?
secondary messangers.
form a ring when the phosphate group on the 5’ carbon of ATP covalently bonds with its own 3’OH
describe a primary protein structure.
chain of amino acids. peptide bonds.
describe a secondary protein structure.
alpha and beta helices. hydrogen bonds. holds things together.
