Chapter 2 Study Questions (Part 1)

Question 1

what is the strongest type of chemical bond?

Answer 1

covalent bond

Question 2

covalent bond results from what?

Answer 2

sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms

Question 3

covalent bond formation gives the atom what ?

Answer 3

the full complement of electrons in valence shell of each atom

Question 4

atoms in a covalent bond….

Answer 4

compete for shared electrons

Question 5

attraction of an atom in a covalent bond for shared electrons

Answer 5

electronegativity

Question 6

electronegativity

Answer 6

attraction of an atom in a covalent bond for shared electrons

Question 7

greater electronegativity of an atom = ?

Answer 7

more strongly it pulls the shared electrons toward itself and away from the atom it’s bonding with

Question 8

electronegativity differences between atoms creates = ?

Answer 8

polar covalent bonds

Question 9

polar covalent bonds are created by ?

Answer 9

electronegativity differences between atoms

Question 10

what are the six functional groups we discussed?

Answer 10

1. hydroxyl
2. sulfhydryl
3. phosphate
4. carboxyl
5. amino/amine
6. methyl

Question 11

hydroxyl

Answer 11

-OH

Question 12

sulfhydryl

Answer 12

-SH

Question 13

phosphate

Answer 13

-HPO4-

Question 14

carboxyl

Answer 14

-COOH

Question 15

amino/amine

Answer 15

-NH2

Question 16

methyl

Answer 16

-CH3

Question 17

-OH

Answer 17

hydroxyl

Question 18

-SH

Answer 18

sulfhydryl

Question 19

-HPO4-

Answer 19

phosphate

Question 20

-COOH

Answer 20

carboxyl

Question 21

-NH2

Answer 21

amino/amine

Question 22

-CH3

Answer 22

methyl

Question 23

chemical property of hydroxyl

Answer 23

polar

Question 24

chemical property of sulfhydrl

Answer 24

polar

Question 25

chemical property of phosphate

Answer 25

polar

Question 26

chemical property of carboxyl

Answer 26

acid

Question 27

chemical property of amino/amine

Answer 27

base

Question 28

chemical property of methyl

Answer 28

nonpolar

Question 29

name the polar functional groups that we studied

Answer 29

hydroxyl
sulfhydryl
phosphate

Question 30

name the acidic functional groups that we studied

Answer 30

carboxyl

Question 31

name the basic functional groups that we studied

Answer 31

amino/amine

Question 32

name the nonpolar functional groups that we studied

Answer 32

methyl

Question 33

what’s the difference between H and H+?

Answer 33

H has electrons
H+ has lost electrons

Question 34

why do salts dissolve so readily in solution?

Answer 34

polar! big electronegativity differences.