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Introduction to Psychology > Chapter 2 (Section 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 2 (Section 3) Flashcards

Brain Structure

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1
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

An area of the cerebral cortex involved in higher-order cognitive processing, personality, and voluntary muscle movement

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2
Q

Pons

A

Controls sleep and arousal

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3
Q

Medulla

A

Controls breathing, heart rate and reflexes

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4
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

An area of the cerebral cortex involved in visual perception

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5
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Coordinates with the thalamus and motor areas to plan movement.

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6
Q

Thalamus

A

Transfers information to the appropriate structures in the forebrain

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7
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Role in arousal and patterned movement.

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Involved in eating, drinking, sex, emotions, and stress. Role in controlling the endocrine system.

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9
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Involved in memory, processing sound, and language processing.

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10
Q

Hippocampus

A

Role in memory.

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11
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

An area of the cerebral cortex involved in sensory information, attention, and spatial location.

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12
Q

Cererbral Cortex

A

The outermost layer of the brain responsible for complex functioning and consists of the four lobes.

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13
Q

Cerebellum

A

Plays a role in motor coordination.

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14
Q

Amygdala

A

Involved in fear and the discrimination of objects necessary for organism’s survival

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15
Q

Hindbrain

A

Most primitive part of the brain that comprises the medulla, pons, and cerebellum, and work as a system for the most basic life-sustaining functions

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16
Q

Midbrain

A
  1. Located between the hindbrain and the forebrain
  2. An area in which many nerve fibers systems ascend and descend to connect the hindbrain to the more sophisticated forebrain
  3. Relays information between the brain, eyes and ears
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17
Q

Forebrain

A

Includes the limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex that governs higher-ordered mental processes

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18
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

A dense bundle of neurons that divides the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the brain and allows for communication or passing of information between the R & L hemispheres

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19
Q

Contralateral

A

Brain is wired in a way that the right hemisphere governs the right side of the body and the left hemisphere governs the left side of the body

20
Q

Lateralization

Right Hemisphere

A

Dominates in processing nonverbal information such as spatial perception, visual recognition and processing information about emotions for ourselves and others

21
Q

Lateralization

A

Certain brain functions are found in only one hemisphere of the brain

22
Q

Lateralization

Left Hemisphere

A

Most people process languages and comprehend syntax on this side of the brain

23
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers released by a set of glands within the body system

24
Q

The Endocrine System

A

Hormones are carried by the bloodstream to all parts of the body

25
Q
A
25
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

The pea sized “master gland” of the endocrine system that controls the actions of all other glands in the body

26
Q
A
27
Q

Gonads

A

Endocrine glands that directly affect sexual repoduction

28
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm and androgens

29
Q

Ovaries

A

Produce female eggs (ova) and release estrogen

30
Q

Estrogen

A

Class of female hormones that regulate many aspects of sexuality and are found in both male and females

31
Q

Androgens

A

class of male sex hormones, made/released from the testes

32
Q

Adrenal Glands

A
  1. Sit just above the kidneys
  2. Important for regulating arousal and sexual behavior
33
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Releases norepinephrine and epinephrine when the sympathetic nervous system becomes active during times of stress and causes sympathetic reactions

34
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Produces androgens, male sex hormones that are found in both males and females

35
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Regulates how energy is used in our bodies

36
Q

Pancreas

A

Regulates blood sugar levels

37
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Plays a role in sexual maturation and sleep cycle

38
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs from each parent that contains DNA

39
Q

Genes

A

Manufacture the proteins that are necessary or maintaining life

40
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

A

A complex molecule in the cell’s chromosome that carries genetic information

41
Q

Dominant-Recessive Genes Principle

A

If one gene of a pair is dominant the dominant gene overrides the recessive gene

42
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

Field of study that involves the manipulation of genetics using technology to determine the effect on behavior

43
Q

Selective Breeding

A

involves choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics

44
Q

Genome-Wide Association Method

A

Helps scientist identify genes associated with particular disease

45
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

The study of the manner in which genetic variation affects psychological phenotypes/traits and behavior

46
Q

Gene x Evironment Interaction

A

Interactions between genes and the environment determine how genese are turned on or off and whether some are express at all

Introduction to Psychology (9 decks)

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