Chapter 2 - Fire Behavior Flashcards
The process of formally accepting a code and setting it into action.
Adoption
The instances in which legislation states that a certain code and specific edition will be enforced within the jurisdiction.
Adoption by Reference
The model code is republished as an ordinance and a license must be purchased to do so.
Adoption by transcription
A civil rights law passed by Congress in 1990 prohibiting, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability.
Americans with Disabilities Act.
An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirments of a code, or standards, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.
Authority having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
A sudden and explosive ignition of pressurized, superheated, and oxygen-deprived gases within an enclosed space when oxygen is reintroduced.
Backdraft
When a liquid in a vessel is heated to the point it boiled, expands, and can no longer be contained by the vessel.
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)
A fire involving ordinary combustibles such as paper, cloth, wood, plastics, and rubber.
Class A fire
A fire involving flammable and combustible liquids, gases, and greases.
Class B fire
A fire involving energized electrical equipment.
Class C fire
A fire involving combustible metals and alloys such as magnesium, sodium, lithium, and potassium.
Class D fires
A fire involving high temperature combustible cooking fuels such as vegetable or animal oils and fats.
Class K fire
A systematically arranged law, rule, or regulation that tells people what they can and cannot do and when and where they can do those things.
Code
Codes arranged according to a system
Codified
A liquid with a flash point at or above 100F
Combustible Liquid
Conditions prevalent in most occupancies that increase the chances of a fire starting.
Common Fire Hazard
The transfer of heat through a solid object
Conduction
A large and destructive fire that jumps natural barriers
Conflagration
The transfer of heat through air and liquid currents
Convection
The point at which the supply of oxygen to a fire os depleted and the fire finally extinguishes itself.
Decay Stage
A plan for residents who are completely unable to navigate and evacuate a building on their own, to remain in the structure in a protected area until the fire department can assist them evacuating.
Defend in place strategy
An automatic sprinkler system designed to protect areas that could have a fast spreading fire that could engulf an entire area.
Deluge sprinkler system
An automatic sprinkler system that operated with air or nitrogen under constant pressure in the pipes instead of water, which would freeze in cold weather.
Dry Pipe sprinkler system
A sprinkler system designed to protect pallet and rack storage up to 35 feet through the application of increased flow densities.
Early suppression fast response sprinkler.
A communications system that is part of the fire alarm system that allows manual or automatic live or prerecorded voice information alarm signals, or other signals to be sent to the entire building or to select areas.
Emergency Voice Alarm Communications System
A rated assembly that provides a protected panther to the exit discharge.
Exit
The point from anywhere in the building to an exit.
Exit Access
The portion of the means of egress between the exterior exit door and the public way.
Exit discharge
When the heat given off by a fire is transferred to other materials and begins heating them. A chemical reaction that released energy by light or heat.
Ex other ic reaction
Burning or combustion, which is a chemical chain reaction that includes a self sustaining rapid oxidation of a fuel accompanied by the release of heat and light.
Fire
Receives the signal from the detection device and then directs the signal to the signaling devices.
Fire alarm control panel
A condition that encourages a fire to start or increase the extent or severity of fire.
Fire Hazard
Today’s concept of the fire triangle, it includes a fourth element, the molecular chain reaction, which allows for a self-sustaining chemical reaction and flame propagation.
Fire Tetrahedron
A fire science model used to explain the chemical reaction of fire.
Fire Triangle
A liquid having a flash point of below 100F
Flammable Liquid
The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off suffice but vapor to form an ignitable mixture at the surface but not sufficient to sustain combustion.
Flash Point
The transition between the growth phase and the fully developed stage. It is the point when all contents of a from reach their ignition temperature and quickly change to a fully developed fire.
Flashover
The material being burned in the combustion process. it is a form or matters than cab be found as a solid, liquid, or gas.
Fuel
The point at which the fire is consuming the maximum amount of fuel.
Fully developed stage
Occupancies with large number of people such as restaurants, nightclubs, churches, auditoriums, and arenas.
Group A
Occupancies including educational use for kindergarten through 12th grade and daycare for children 2 1/2 years and older
Group E
The growth of a fire from the point of initiation as other combustibles heavy up, giving off flammable gases, and igniting and spreading a chain reaction to other flammable.
Growth Stage
A form of energy, which can be chemical, mechanical, electrical, or nuclear in origin.
Heat
A device that senses the heat of a fire at a fixed temperature or by sensing a specified rate of temperature increase.
Heat Detector
The lowest temperature that will give off gases of an ignitable mixture that can self-ignite and sustain burning. The first stage of the burning process during which a form of energy transfer, usually heat, generates gas from a fuel source so the fuel is able to mix with the air.
Ignition Temperature
A devise which as a heat and smoke detector, manual pull station, or sprinkler pressure or flow switch that senses the present of heat, or smoke, sprinkler activation, or a triggered manual activation and send a signal to the control panel.
Initiation device
The most common type of smoke detector/alarm, which works by using a small amount of a radioactive material that electrically charges air particles to produce a measurable current in the same sensing chamber.
Ionization smoke detector
Code that addresses occupants safety in buildings with regard ot the establishment and maintenance of exit facilities. It categorizes both new and existing buildings into occupancy types based on their use, the characteristics of occupants, and the processes taking place within. It then establishes requirements for the building, occupants, and processes.
Life Safety Code
The entire exit path comprises all three components - the exit access, the exit, and the exit discharge.
Means of egress
A code adopted as a state code that cannot be locally amended.
Mini-Maxi code
A system of rules, guidelines, and regulations developed and accepted through consensus by private and not for private organizations with an interest and expertise in that area and made available to governments to formally accept and put into use within their jurisdictions.
Model Code
A bell, voice recorder, buzzer, siren, strobe light, or other type of indicator that provides audible, tactile, or visible outputs to provide a stimuli to alert building occupants of a potential or real fire.
Notification Device
A law of an authorized subdivision of a state, such as a county, city, or town.
Ordinance
A code that assigns an objective to be met and establishes criteria for determining compliance.
Performance Code
A common hazard that is caused by the unsafe acts of individuals.
Personal Fire Hazard
A smoke detector/alarm that operates by using a light source aimed at a light sensor within the sensing chamber to initiate an alarm when the light source reflects or obscures smoke particles. These devices are activated by visual smoke and are appropriate for area where smoke me develop but dissipate visually, witch as in cooking areas and where fuel powered equipment is in use.
Photoelectric Smoke Detector.
An automatic sprinkler system similar to a dry sprinkler system used in areas such as computer operation centers, telecommunications centers, freezers, libraries, museums, and places housing valuable and irreplaceable items where water damage to property is of paramount concern. Activation of the system is connected to a detection equipment and requires a fire detector to activate.
Precaution sprinkler system.
A manual fire alarm box.
Pull Station
The transfer of heat through invisible light waves
Radiation
A type of automatic fire sprinkler system equipped with fast response automatic sprinkler heats specifically designed for low heat release and low water pressures
Residential fire sprinkler system
The product of incomplete combustion, or decomposition heating that includes an aggregate of solids, liquids, and gases suspended in the thermal plume.
Smoke
Dangerous conditions that result from a particular process or operation conduction in an occupancy.
Special fire hazard
A code that specifies a type of construction or materials to be used.
Specification code
When a material is able to self-heat to the point of ignition because of an internal source of heat.
Spontaneous Combustion
A spray device that distributes water over a limited area at a flow rate designed to reduce the heat from a fire to limit and control the growth of the fire beyond the early stages of development.
Sprinkler Head
A clear definition of the knowledge and skills a student should possess at critical points in an education process as a result of instruction serving as the basis of the curriculum.
Standard
A property where there is a great potential for a large loss of life or property loss of a fire erupts.
Target Fire Hazard
A code designed to regulate technical processes such as construction installation of electrical, mechanical, and plumbing systems; regulation of hazardous industrial processes; and building electrical, mechanical, plumbing and property maintenance codes.
Technical code
A fire in an enclosed building that is restrictive because there is insufficient oxygen available for the fire to burn as a rapidly as it would with an unlimited supply of oxygen.
Ventilation-limited
A function of Ana alarm system that allows responding fire fighters or other trained personnel to activate and speak into a dedicated microphone from the fire command center and suppress and automatic detection message in order to give verbal instructions.
Voice override system
Class K agents composed of water-based solutions containing potassium in combination with other agents, usually found in fixed systems in commercial or industrial cooking area.
Wet Chemical
Automatic sprinklers attached to pipes charged with water and under pressure at all times. They are installed where indoor temperature can be maintained at or above 40F
Wet pipe sprinkler system
Residential area near natural areas
Wildland/Urban Interface
Which stage of a fire is occurring when all fuel has been consumed and there are no longer any materials to burn, and the fire begins to weaken?
decay stage
Which form of heat transfer involved the transfer of heat through invisible waves of light?
Radiation
What is the acronym used ot teach the mother for use of extinguishers?
PASS
In the combustion process, fuel is the material being burned in the combustion process and can be liquid, solid or:
Gas
yellowish-brown or yellowish-grey smoke, under pressure, seeping from cracks and walls seams, possibly black-stained windows that are bowed outward, and sometimes heavy, dark smoke “puffs” in and out of any openings in a room are indications of the potential for what to occur?
Backdraft
Which NFPA Standard covers the installation requirements and guidelines for portable fire extinguishers?
NFPA 10
What type of sprinkler system is designed ot protect areas that could have a fast spreading fire that could engulf an entire area and feature open heads (no fusible elements). Dry piping, and a deluge valve that controls the supply of water or foam solution to all heads in the area.
Deluge
Which NFPA standard addresses occupant safety in buildings with regard to the establishment and maintenance of exits?
NFPA 101
Which class of fire involves energized electrical equipment?
Class C
Which is the primary difference between a residential sprinkler system and a commercial sprinkler system
Component size
Which of the following sprinkler systems is the simplest in design and operation?
Wet Pipe
Which classes of fire involves combustible metals and alloys such as magnesium, sodium, lithium, and potassium?
Class D
What occurs during the transition between the growth phase and the fully developed state and is the point at which all contents of a room reach their ignition temperature and quickly change to a fully developed fire?
Flashover
A(n) ___________ is a systematically arranged law, rule, or regulation that tells people what they can and cannot do and when and where they can do those things.
Code
What are the two most common types of heat detectors?
Rate of rise, and fixed temperature
What type of sprinkler system is used in areas such as computer operation centers, telecommunications centers, freezers, libraries, museums, and places housing valuable and irreplaceable items where water damage to property is of paramount concern?
Precaution
Which class of fire involves high-temperature combustible cooking fuels such as vegetable or animal oils and fats?
Class K
A(n) ___________ smoke detector/alarm operates by using a light source aimed at a light sensor within the sensing chamber to initial temperature an alarm when the light source reflects obscures smoke particles.
Photoelectric
Which class of fire involves flammable and combustible liquids, gasses, and greases.
Class B
Typically, storage should be maintained at a height at least ______ below a sprinkler head.
18in
The ___________ device displays audio or visual signals (or both) to provide stimuli to alert building occupants of a potential or real fire.
Notification
Which NFPA standard cover the requirements for pull stations, smoke and heat detectors, and fire sprinkler monitoring devices.
NFPA 72
What type of gas is produced when there us incomplete combustion of burning fossil fuels such as gasoline, wood, coat, propane, oil, and methane?
CO
In the combustion process, heat is energy and can be chemical, mechanical, electrical, or ___________ in origin.
Nuclear
Which form of heat transfer involves the transfer of heat through solid objects, liquids, and gasses?
Conduction.
