CHAPTER 2: CATABOLISM/ANABOLISM/BMR/NB

Question 1

What is catabolism?

Answer 1

breaking down of substances resulting in the release of energy

Question 2

What is anabolism?

Answer 2

uses energy to build up or repair substances

Question 3

What is BMR?

Answer 3

basal metabolic rate; energy required for the involuntary activities in the body within a 24-hour period of time.

Question 4

What activities are considered involuntary activities of the body?

Answer 4

• heart function
• respiration
• temperature regulation

Question 5

What increases BMR?

Answer 5

o male gender (higher muscle mass)
o increased muscle mass
o periods of growth (childhood & puberty)
o stress
o exposure to cold
o certain disease and illness (hyperthyroidism, sepsis, burns, cancer, fever, surgery)
o pregnancy and lactation.

Question 6

What decreases BMR?

Answer 6

o female gender (less muscle mass)
o short stature
o less muscle mass (increase in fat) 
o starvation
o older age (>60)
o hypothyroidism

Question 7

______ is a component of amino acids (found in protein sources) and tissue integrity

Answer 7

nitrogen balance

Question 8

How do you calculate nitrogen balance?

Answer 8

nitrogen intake - nitrogen excretion (should be neutral)

Question 9

What does a negative nitrogen balance indicate?

Answer 9

that they have insufficient protein intake

due to: illness, malnutrition, aging (patient is using protein faster than it is being synthesized)

Question 10

What does a positive nitrogen balance indicate?

Answer 10

occurs during period of growth (childhood, puberty, pregnancy, and lactation)

Question 11

How do you calculate nitrogen intake?

Answer 11

24hr protein intake (g)/6.25

Question 12

How do you calculate nitrogen output?

Answer 12

24hr urinary urea nitrogen + 4 g

Question 13

What is the average fluid output in a day?

Answer 13

1750-3000 mL/day