CHAPTER 15: DIABETES Flashcards

1
Q

What are s/sx of hypoglycemia?

A
Blood glucose levels =/< 70
o Shakiness 
o Diaphoresis 
o Confusion 
o Headache
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2
Q

What should you give to a diabetic who is conscious but experiencing hypoglycemia?

A

15-20 g of carbohydrate (2-3 glucose tabs, 6-10 hard candies, ½ cup (4oz) juice or soda, 1 Tbsp honey, 4 tsp sugar), wait 15 minutes and recheck glucose (if still under 70 repeat), once stabilized provide a snack that provides carbohydrate and protein

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3
Q

What should you give to a diabetic who is unconscious and experiencing hypoglycemia?

A

administer glucagon

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4
Q

What are s/sx of hyperglycemia?

A
blood glucose levels above 200
o Polyuria
o Polydipsia
o Polyphagia
o Kussmaul respirations 
o Fruity breath
o Headache
o Decreased level of conscious 
o Dehydration
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5
Q

What should you give to a diabetic who is experiencing hyperglycemia?

A

INSULIN

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6
Q

What is Somogyi phenomenon?

A

morning hyperglycemia due to untreated over night hypoglycemia

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7
Q

What is recommended to give to a patient experiencing the Somogyi phenomenon?

A

a bed time snack before they go to bed and insulin to help prevent the morning hyperglycemia from occurring

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8
Q

What things should be increased in a diabetic patient?

A
  • Increase intake of fiber (14g/1000cal)
    o Beans, veggies, whole grains
  • Increase exercise
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9
Q

What things should be decreased/limited in a diabetic patient?

A
  • Limit intake of simple carbohydrates (encourage complex carbs)
  • Decrease intake of saturated fat
    o <7% of daily calories
    o Trans fat <1% of daily calories
    o Cholesterol limited to 200-300 mg/day
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10
Q

What lifestyle changes should diabetics make?

A
  • No smoking or tobacco use

- Try to lose weight if necessary

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11
Q

What should the A1C goal for a diabetic be?

A
  • Goal for hgA1C <7****

* ** Monitoring blood glucose levels (Counting carbohydrates is a good way to manage their diet)***

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12
Q

How many carbs should diabetics consume per meal?

A

o Consumption of 45-75 g of carbs per meal
▪ This is for someone who is following a 1600-2000 calorie per day diet
• About 4 carb servings per meal
• SERVING SIZE effects amount of carbs consumed

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