CHAPTER 15: DIABETES Flashcards
What are s/sx of hypoglycemia?
Blood glucose levels =/< 70 o Shakiness o Diaphoresis o Confusion o Headache
What should you give to a diabetic who is conscious but experiencing hypoglycemia?
15-20 g of carbohydrate (2-3 glucose tabs, 6-10 hard candies, ½ cup (4oz) juice or soda, 1 Tbsp honey, 4 tsp sugar), wait 15 minutes and recheck glucose (if still under 70 repeat), once stabilized provide a snack that provides carbohydrate and protein
What should you give to a diabetic who is unconscious and experiencing hypoglycemia?
administer glucagon
What are s/sx of hyperglycemia?
blood glucose levels above 200 o Polyuria o Polydipsia o Polyphagia o Kussmaul respirations o Fruity breath o Headache o Decreased level of conscious o Dehydration
What should you give to a diabetic who is experiencing hyperglycemia?
INSULIN
What is Somogyi phenomenon?
morning hyperglycemia due to untreated over night hypoglycemia
What is recommended to give to a patient experiencing the Somogyi phenomenon?
a bed time snack before they go to bed and insulin to help prevent the morning hyperglycemia from occurring
What things should be increased in a diabetic patient?
- Increase intake of fiber (14g/1000cal)
o Beans, veggies, whole grains - Increase exercise
What things should be decreased/limited in a diabetic patient?
- Limit intake of simple carbohydrates (encourage complex carbs)
- Decrease intake of saturated fat
o <7% of daily calories
o Trans fat <1% of daily calories
o Cholesterol limited to 200-300 mg/day
What lifestyle changes should diabetics make?
- No smoking or tobacco use
- Try to lose weight if necessary
What should the A1C goal for a diabetic be?
- Goal for hgA1C <7****
* ** Monitoring blood glucose levels (Counting carbohydrates is a good way to manage their diet)***
How many carbs should diabetics consume per meal?
o Consumption of 45-75 g of carbs per meal
▪ This is for someone who is following a 1600-2000 calorie per day diet
• About 4 carb servings per meal
• SERVING SIZE effects amount of carbs consumed