chapter 2 - carbohydrates Flashcards
what are micronutrients
vitamins and minerals
what are macronutrients
carbs
protein
fats
how many kcal do carbs, protein and fats contain
4kcal carbs
4kcal protein
9kcal fats
what has the simplest unit of carbs consists of only one sugar molecule
monosaccharides
what consists of 2 monosaccharides joined together
disaccharides
what is made up of many monosaccharides neither sweet nor soluble
polysaccharides
what are the 2 simple carbs and 1 complex carb
2 simple carbs are monosaccharides and disaccharides
1 complex carb is polysaccharides
name the 3 monosaccharides
glucose
galactose
fructose
name the 3 disaccharides
sucrose
maltose
lactose
name the 3 polysaccharides
starch
dietary fibre
pectin
fructose + glucose =
sucrose
glucose + glucose =
maltose
galactose + glucose =
lactose
explain what is diabetes type 1
the body is unable to produce insulin
explain what is diabetes type 2
the body is unable to respond to insulin
what is glycemic index
measures how quickly blood sugar rises when food is consumed
name 3 food source of low (gi)
wholemeal bread
wholegrain oats
brown rice
name 3 food source of high (gi)
doughnut
white rice
cake
sweet s
excess glucose is converted to… and stored where
glycogen
stored in muscle and liver
which is healthier? complex carbs or simple carbs
complex carbs
3 sources of simple carbs
honey cake apple carrot ice cream
3 sources of complex carbs
potato
oats
brown rice
pasta
carbohydrates chemical elements
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
what are the 2 functions of carbs
source of energy
aids digestion
explain the function of the source of energy
main source of energy
fuels person daily activities
unused carbs converted to glycogen or fats
explain the function of aids digestion
in the form of dietary fibre
improve bowel movement
prevent constipation
