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Mid Tudor Crisis > CHAPTER 2: Authority Under Mary > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2: Authority Under Mary Flashcards

1
Q

When did Edward die?

A

The 6th of July 1553

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2
Q

What happened on the 6th of July 1553?

A

Edward died

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3
Q

How long did Northumberland keep Edwards death a secret?

A

Two days

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4
Q

Why was Edward Death kept secret for two days

A

He bullied councillors and the mayor of London into agreeing to the Devise for the Succession

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5
Q

What happened on the 10th of July 1553

A

Lady Jane Grey was crowned Queen against her wishes

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6
Q

Who did Lady Jane Grey supposedly have the support of?

A

The privy council but Northumberland plot was not widely supported

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7
Q

When was Lady Jane Grey crowned Queen

A

10th of July 15 53

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8
Q

How long did Lady Jane Grey remain as Queen?

A

Nine days

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9
Q

What lasted nine days

A

Lady Jane Grey’s reign

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10
Q

Where was Mary when she Proclaimed herself as Queen?

A

Framingham Castle On her estates in Suffolk

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11
Q

Who did Mary send a letter to aid her become queen?

A

The privy council
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor

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12
Q

How many troops did Northumberland have to confront Mary?

A

2000

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13
Q

Who had 2,000 troops to confront Mary?

A

Northumberland

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14
Q

What happened while Northumberland went to confront Mary?

A

Many deserted him en route despite him raising their pay

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15
Q

What did Northumberland do to try and keep Loyalty of his troops

A

Raising their pay

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16
Q

Did raising their pay keep Northumberland’s troops loyal?

A

No

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17
Q

Why did Northumberland retreat to Cambridge?

A

His troops had deserted him

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18
Q

Where did Northumberland retreat to

A

Cambridge

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19
Q

What did Northumberland do while he was retreated in Cambridge?

A

Proclaimed Mary Queen

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20
Q

What did the Privy Council do to Northumberland after he left confront Mary

A

Deserted him and endorsed to Mary’s claim to the throne

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21
Q

Who endorsed Mary’s claim and deserted Northumberland?

A

The privy council

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22
Q

When was Mary acknowledged as Queen?

A

20th of July 15 53

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23
Q

What happened on the 20th of July 1553

A

Mary was acknowledged as Queen

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24
Q

What happened when Mary entered London?

A

Enter to mass enthusiasms on the 3rd of August

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25
Q

What happened on the 3rd of August 1553?

A

Mary entered London to mass enthusiasm

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26
Q

What happened on the 17th of July 1553

A

Northumberland was arrested

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27
Q

What happened on the 22nd of August 1553?

A

Northumberland was executed

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28
Q

When was Northumberland arrested

A

17th of July 15 53

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29
Q

When was Northumberland Executed?

A

22nd of August 15 53

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30
Q

What did Northumberland try to do to save him self?

A

Renunciation of Protestantism

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31
Q

Who was spared initially but executed later?

A

Lady Jane Grey and her husband

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32
Q

What happened to Lady Jane Grey and her husband?

A

Spared initially but executed later

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33
Q

Who did Mary allowing the council?

A

Paget

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34
Q

What happened to Paget?

A

Allowed onto the new council

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35
Q

What did allowing Paget onto the new council show?

A

Mary was lenient and shared wisdom by allowing those involved in the plot to join the council

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36
Q

Who, involved in the plot was allowed to join the council

A

Paget

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37
Q

Who,involved in the plot,was arrested and imprisoned

A

William Cecil

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38
Q

What happened to William Cecil

A

Imprisoned

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39
Q

Who did Mary released from jail?

A

Norfolk and Gardiner

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40
Q

What happened to Norfolk and Gardiner after Mary became Queen

A

Released from prison

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41
Q

Why did Mary release Gardiner and Norfolk?

A

Surrounding herself with Conservative supporters

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42
Q

What is Anarchy?

A

Lawlessness

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43
Q

What was the English people’s opinion on Mary at the beginning of her reign?

A

Respectful and not want to return of lawlessness in the War of Rose

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44
Q

What did many of Mary’s subjects fear?

A

Her gender would lead to her being dominated by fraction

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45
Q

What happened in the previous reign of the female ruler?

A

Matilda’s Road end of the Civil War from 1139 to 47

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46
Q

Who used to Mary’s gender to undermine the government

A

John Knox

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47
Q

What did John Knox do?

A

Used Mary’s gender to undermine her rule

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48
Q

Who led the Conservative faction

A

Stephen Gardiner

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49
Q

What did Stephen Gardiner lead?

A

The Conservative faction

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50
Q

Who led the moderates?

A

William Paget

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51
Q

What did William Paget lead?

A

The moderates

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52
Q

What did the Conservatives and the moderates clash over

A

Specific Issues Such as the revival of the heresy laws

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53
Q

Who handled affairs of state?

A

Handled by in a council consisting of the most experienced counsellors who had reformed the privy council under Northumberland

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54
Q

What did that inner council do?

A

Handle. Affairs of state

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55
Q

Who was inside of the inner council

A

Consisting of those experienced counsellors who had reformed the privy council Under Northumberland

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56
Q

When did Phillips departure occur

A

1555

57
Q

What happened in 1555

A

Phillips departure

58
Q

Why did Philip depart England

A

When it became clear that Mary was not going to have an heir

59
Q

What did the death of Gardiner mean?

A

Paget was able to run a more stable government

60
Q

What did Philip’s departure and Gardiners death mean for Paget

A

Paget Was able to run a more stable government

61
Q

Why was Paget able to run a more stable government?

A

Death of Gardiner

Philips departure in 1555

62
Q

Who was there a power struggle between?

A

English advisors and Simon Renard

63
Q

Who was Simon Renard?

A

Imperial ambassador who was Mary’s closest advisor

64
Q

Who was the Imperial Ambassador and Mary’s closest advisor?

A

Simon Renard

65
Q

Why did Mary not have trust for her English counsellors?

A

The treatment of her mother

humiliation under Edward

66
Q

What did the treatment of her mother and the humiliation under Edward mean to Mary?

A

This meant that she doesn’t trust the English advisors

67
Q

Why were actions against Mary not severe?

A

Fear of that Hasburgs and she favoured a close relationship with Charles V

68
Q

What did Mary’s close relationship with Habsburgs mean?

A

The actions against her during Edwards reign were not severe

69
Q

What was one of the main criticisms of Mary’s council?

A

It was too large to conduct business effectively and had a members with no real political ability and administrative skills

70
Q

What happened in the First few weeks of her reign?

A

Mary chose councillors from here Own household and from among leading catholic nobles who had supported her

71
Q

What was the average size of the privy council gatherings under Mary?

A

Similar to the size of the Northumberland

72
Q

What did the establishment of committees in 1554 address?

A

Excluded casual members and help to reduce the size of the privy council

73
Q

When were the establishment of councils done?

A

1554

74
Q

What excluded casual counsellors?

A

Establishment of committees 1554

75
Q

What happened by 1553

A

Several moderate members of Northumberland Council have been sworn in as councillors

76
Q

Who had been swanning to the council by 1553

A

Moderate members of Northumberland Council

77
Q

Did the moderate members of Northumberland Council who are now in Mary’s council have her trust

A

No they never had the Queens confidence

78
Q

Impact of the moderate members of Northumberland Council who had been sworn into Mary’s council?

A

Nucleus of political ability and administrative experience which was previously lacking

79
Q

Who provided Nucleus of political ability and administrative experience which was previously lacking

A

The mother remembers of Northumberland Council who are now in Mary’s council

80
Q

What was the main problem with Mary?

A

Didn’t exert any leadership or show any real confidence in her council
She would often not discuss with the privy council and decide on matters in consultation with Renard

81
Q

What is Mary doing instead of discussing with her privy council?

A

Decided on matters of policy in consultation with Simon Renard

82
Q

What was the main fear about Mary being a woman

A

In a patriarchal society it was worried that she will be subservient to a husband

83
Q

What was Gardiner opinion on the royal marriage?

A

Favourite a marriage to Edward Courtenay

84
Q

Who favoured a marriage to Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon?

A

Gardiner

85
Q

What husband did Paget prefer?

A

Philip of Spain

86
Q

Who prefer the marriage to Philip of Spain?

A

Paget

87
Q

Why did Mary marry Philip of Spain

A

Close relationship with Habsburgs through Philip

88
Q

What happened during a petition from the House of Commons

A

Mary disregarded all opposition to her plans

89
Q

When did Mary disregard the opposition to her plans

A

Petition from the House of Commons

90
Q

What happened in December 15 53

A

Marriage treaty was drafted by Mary, Renard, Gardiner and Paget

91
Q

When was a Marriage treaty was drafted by Mary, Renard, Gardiner and Paget?

A

December 15 53

92
Q

Who drafted the marriage treaty in December 15 53

A

Marriage treaty was drafted by Mary, Renard, Gardiner and Paget

93
Q

When was the treaty presented To the council and ratified

A

January 15 54

94
Q

What happen in January 15 54

A

The marriage treaty was presented to the council and ratified

95
Q

What did the marriage treaty say

A

Philip was to have no Regal power in England
If Mary were to die, neither he nor his heirs would have any claim to the English throne
he was also forbidden from promoting foreigners to hold office in England

96
Q

How did the role advisors dramatise Mary’s prominence

A

Mary’s throne was higher than Phillips

97
Q

Why was Mary’s throne higher than Philips?

A

Dramatise her Prominence

98
Q

Why did Mary eat form a Gold plate while Philip ate from a silver plate?

A

Emphasise that Mary was the Monarch

99
Q

When did Charles V abdicate?

A

1555

100
Q

How long did the Habsburg- Valois conflict dominate Europe?

A

30 years

101
Q

What did Charles abdication mean for the Habsburg Empire

A

Empire was split between his brother Ferdinand and his son Philip

102
Q

What’s split the Empire between Ferdinand and Philip?

A

Charles’s abdication in 1555

103
Q

What dominated Europe for 30 years

A

Hapsburg Valois Conflict

104
Q

What was made in February 15 56

A

A truce was brokered to end the Habsburg Valois conflict

105
Q

What ended the Hasburgs and Valois conflict?

A

February 1556

106
Q

What did Philip do in September 1556?

A

Philip attacks the anti-Spanish Pope, Pope Paul IV

107
Q

When did Philip attack the ant Spanish Pope Paul IV

A

September 15 56

108
Q

Which anti-Spanish Pope did Philip attack in September 15 56

A

Paul IV

109
Q

Why did Philip attack Pope Paul IV

A

He was anti Spanish and was a French ally

110
Q

What was the response of Philip attack of Pope Paul IV in September 15 56?

A

Henry the second of France responded

111
Q

What did Henry II response to Philip mean for England?

A

The English are now under pressure to join the war against France

112
Q

What did Philip demand for Mary

A

That she support him in the war against France

113
Q

When did Philip return to England to make a case for funds, troops and naval support

A

March 15 57

114
Q

What happened in 1557

A

Philip return to England to make his case for funds, troops and naval support

115
Q

How large was the troops that Mary sent to support her husband Phillips?

A

6000

116
Q

When did Mary send 6000 trips to the Netherlands in support of Philip?

A

January 15 57

117
Q

What happen in January 15 57

A

Mary since 6000 troops to the Netherlands in support of Philip

118
Q

Why did Mary sent 6000 troops to the Netherlands in January 15 57

A

The Netherlands is a trade sensitive region for England

119
Q

What was Philip unable to do when he arrived in England in 1557

A

He failed to convince Mary to join the war against the Valois conflict

120
Q

What prompted Mary into war?

A

The actions of Henry II

121
Q

What did Henry II do

A

tolerating English Protestant and rumours circulated that Henry plan to recapture Calais

122
Q

Who was tolerating English Protestant and rumours circulated that Henry plan to recapture Calais?

A

Henry II of Calais

123
Q

Why was Calais important to England?

A

Last overseas territory

124
Q

What happened by 1558

A

French faced a certain defeat in the Hapsburg-Valois war

125
Q

When did the French experience a certain defeat in the Hapsburg-Valois war

A

1558

126
Q

What side was England on during the Habsburg-Valois conflict?

A

Spanish

127
Q

What did the French want?

A

Compensation

128
Q

How did the French get Compensation

A

Targeted Calais

129
Q

What is the English garrisons at Calais not receive?

A

didn’t receive winter I reinforcement and stood at 2000 men

130
Q

Who didn’t receive winter reinforcements and stood at 2000 men?

A

English garrisons at Calais

131
Q

How many men did the French have?

A

27000

132
Q

Who had 27,000 men?

A

The French

133
Q

What did the French having more men allow?

A

Able to easily capture the fortress of Calais

134
Q

How long had Calais been in the hands of the English?

A

1347

135
Q

What has the English owned since 1347

A

Calais

136
Q

What was the impact of holding Calais?

A

Gained status as they had gilded French land

137
Q

What was the impact of loosing Calais?

A

Humiliating defeat for the English who claimed they were the kings of France.

English morale had clearly been shaken
Protestant propaganda were quick to make the equation of the Spanish marriage and the pro-Catholic policy to the loss of Calais

138
Q

Why was it a good thing to lose Calais?

A

Expensive to maintain and it was a burdensome frontier that needed defending

Mid Tudor Crisis (10 decks)

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