Chapter 1:Authority Under Edward Flashcards
When was the will released
1546
What did the will propose?
Regency council with conservatives and reformists
What did each member on the Regency council have?
Equal power
What would the regency council do?
Govern the country’s
What happened in 1546?
The will
When would the regency council end
When Edward turned 18
What would happen when Edward turned 18
Regency council would end
What did the kings Ill health mean?
A minor would succeed him
What was needed to secure the loyalty and cooperation of the council
Rewarded with new titles and lands which were taken from monastaries and Howard family
Why were the members given lands and new titles?
Secure loyalty and cooperation
Who drew the first part of the will?
William Paget
Name a feature of the the will
It was with the kings knowledge
It was uncontroversial
When was the first part of the kings will drawn?
December 1546
What happened between the will being signed?
Plenty of spaces being left to write in further amendments
What happened when the king was near death and unable to do anything
Details of regency added
When were details of regency added?
When the king was near death
What was Seymour now able to do?
Use loop hole to gain full control of council and gain full monarchical power
Who became in charge of the council through a loophole?
Seymour
Who did Seymour appoint to the council?
15 of his closest allies
What did the council do to enable them to make all necessary changes?
Held a dry stamp (a stamp of the Kings signature)
Who gave the council dry stamps?
Anthony Denny
What was the role of Anthony Denny?
Held dry stamp which allowed the council to make necessary changes
What happened when the king died
Kept secret for 3 days
Why was the kings death kept secret for 3 days?
Reformists put their plan in action
How long was the kings death kept a secret
3 days
Why was it seemed natural that Somerset would take power?
Kings uncle
Built a successful reputation as a successful soldier during Henry’s wars
Who had built a successful reputation with soldiers during Henry’s war?
Somerset
Why was the regency council considered ridiculous?
16 members with equal votes. Policy would be difficult to agree and fractional disputes would be damaging
Who questioned Somerset’s power?
His enemies
Why was Edwards minority rule a concern?
Unable to lead troops into battle
Able to be exploited by factions
Exploited by countries during international negotiations
What did the 1549 rebellions show?
Weakness of monarch
What emphasised the weakness of the monarch
Popularity and severity of 1549 rebellions
What was NOT the aims of 1549 rebellions?
Usurp the King
What did the rebels sing whilst they were being taken down
“God Save the King”
Who ended the 1549 rebellion?
Royal heard
What was Seymour advanced to
Duke of Somerset
Who was advanced to duke of Somerset
Seymour
What was the problem with Somerset?
No real reforms
Failed to show leadership
Failed to compensate for the absence of an adult monarch
Who did Somerset try and rule without?
Parliament or privy council
What is a proclamation?
Decelerations which simply became law
How many proclamations under Henry VIII?
6
How many proclamation were made during Edwards reign?
19 a year
How many proclamations did Somerset order?
Around 77
Half of those issued in Edwards reign
What was the New council?
Somerset’s council which excluded the privy council
How did Somerset exclude the privy council?
Set up council at Somerset house known as the new council
What did Somerset fail to take advantage of?
English victory against the Scots in the Battle of Pinkie
What did the Battle of Pinkie allow?
English able to occupy all the main border strongholds
How did Somerset not take advantage of the Battle of Pinkie?
English occupied all main border strongholds but Somerset did not press this advantage
In which battle did the English gain control of the main border strongholds?
Battle of Pinike
Who led the army to victory in the Battle of Pinike and what did this mean?
Somerset lead the troops and this improved reputation as a good field commander
What did Somerset refuse to do which allowed rebellions to get out of hand?
Military indecision and refusal to deploy troops from the French and Scottish garrisons
What did Somerset’s military indecision and refusal to deploy troops from the French and Scottish garrisons cause?
Rebellions to get out of hand
When did Somerset begin to loose support?
Aftermath of 1549 rebellions
What did the aftermath of the 1549 rebellions?
Somerset was less popular
Who was in the anti Somerset faction?
Earl of Warwick who wanted to take Somerset’s place
William Paget who was frustrated with Somerset’s methods of rule
Wriothesly who was a catholic who disliked Somerset’s religious policies
Who disliked Somerset because they wanted to take his place
Earl of Warwick
Who was a catholic that Disliked Somerset because of his religious policies?
Wriothesly
Why did the Earl of Warwick want to remove Somerset?
Wanted his place
Why did Wriothesly want the removal of Somerset
He was a catholic and disliked Somerset’s religious policies
Who wanted to remove Somerset because he didn’t like his way of rule?
William Paget
Why did William Paget dislike Somerset?
Frustrated by Somerset’s methods of rule
What allowed the Anti- Somerset faction to act?
Events of October 1549
What did the Anti- Somerset faction have in common?
Nothing apart from their dislike of Somerset
What did Somerset do once he lost his hold on power?
Retreated to Hampton Courts
Why did Somerset retreat to Hampton Courts?
Lost his hold on power
What happened on the 5th October 1549?
Somerset issued a proclamation summoning all “loyal English men” to defend him and the king
When did Somerset summon a proclamation asking for all loyal Englishmen to defend him and the King ?
5th October 1549
What happened on the the 6th October 1549?
Somerset moved to Windsor Castle taking Edward with him
Who did Somerset take with him when he moved to Windsor castle on the 6th of October in 1549?
Edwards
When did Somerset move to Windsor Castle, Taking Edward with him?
6th October 1549
What did Edward claim to be treated as when Somerset took him to Windsor Castle?
Treated like a prisoner
Who claimed to be treated as a prisoner when Somerset retreated to Windsor Castle?
Edward
What did Somerset tell Edward?
That there would be riots on the street if Somerset fell from power and that he was beginning to get a cold
What did Somerset do wrong
Contradict the king
What happened within a week of Somerset taking Edward hostage?
Arrested
What did not guarantee the rise of Warwick?
Somersets downfall
Why did Somersets downfall not guarantee Warwicks rise?
Council contained many conservatives that did not tryst Warwick
What did conservatives in the council mean for Warwick?
Conservatives didn’t trust him so he couldn’t rise
What did Warwick do to counter the conservatives in the council?
Bring his own allies allowing a Protestant majority
Who bought in his allies into the council allowing a Protestant majority?
Warwick
What happened in Early December 1549?
Rumours of a catholic plot to remove Warwick
What did the rumoured catholic plot against Warwick in December 1549 plan?
Claiming that he was a friend of Warwick
When was there a rumoured catholic plot against Warwick?
Early December 1549
What happened to the Council by January 1550?
Leading catholic members
Earl of Arundel and Southampton had been dismissed
When were the Earl of Arundel, and Earl of Southampton removed dismissed from the council?
January 1550
What was Warwicks position by 1550 April?
Lord President of the Council
Who became Lord President of the Council in 1550 April?
Warwick
What did Warwick do the king to reinforce his power?
Surround his own supporters around Edward
What did Warwick surrounding his supporters around Edward achieve?
Reinforced his power
What happened to Somerset under Warwick
Released and restored to Court and the Privy council
Who was released form prison and restored to the privy council and court?
Somerset
How did Warwick show that Somerset had been restored
Warwicks son even married Somerset’s daughter
What did Somerset continue to do under Warwick
Plot against Warwick
What were the rumours around Somerset after his release from prison?
Trying to raise rebellions and rouse the common people
Were the rumours that Somerset tried to raise a rebellion true
No they we’re fabrications
When was Somerset executed?
22 January 1552
What happened on the 22nd January 1552
Somerset was executed
What happened on October 1551
Warwick elevated to Duke of Northumberland
When did Warwick become Duke of Northumberland?
October 1551
What did Northumberland do the council size?
Increase it to 33
Why did Northumberland increase the size of the council to 33?
Bring in his own supporters
What did Northumberland put in the council?
People with more military experience
Why did Northumberland place people in the council with military experience?
Rely on military support whenever he needed it
How did Northumberland make the government more manageable?
Created smaller inner committees
What was the role of the smaller committees within government?
Manage daily business
What did Northumberland do with the privy council
Restored them to the centre of Government
What did Northumberland do with Proclamations?
He used less of them
What did Northumberland use instead of proclamations?
Use parliament to confirm legislations wherever possible
What did Northumberland do in March 1550
Agreed to Treaty of Boulogne
What was the treaty of Boulogne?
Giving the French Boulogne in return for 400,000 crowns
Why did Northumberland agree to the Treaty of Boulogne?
Had to solve the financial crisis and war with France was draining
When did the Treaty of Boulogne occur?
March 1550
What was the impact of the Treaty Of Boulogne?
Seen as a national disaster
Less popular amongst common people
What happened in May 1551?
Northumberland has to debase the coinage again
When did Northumberland debase the coinage again?
May 1551
What did debasing they coinage in May 1551 achieve?
£114,000 to pay immediate expenses and short term loans
How did Northumberland make £114,000?
Debasing the coinage again in May 1551
How much did Northumberland have to borrow in 1551?
£243,000
How did Northumberland make £243,000?
Borrowing from continental bankers
What was William Cecil appointed as?
Secretary of State and in charge of financial planning
Who became Secretary of State under Northumberland?
William Cecil
Who was put in charge of financial spending under Northumberland?
Sir Thomas Gresham
William Cecil
What happened in March 1552?
Level of the silver coin had been restored to the level when it was 1527
When was the level of Silver restored to the time of 1527?
1552
Who restored the level of silver to the time of 1527 in the 1552
Sir Thomas Gresham
William Cecil
What did getting the level of silver equal to that of 1527 in 1552 achieve?
Slowing the rise of inflation
Disinflation
What was the financial situation by 1553?
Largely stabilised
By what time was the financial situation largely stabilised
1553
How much had to be collected through the sale of Crown lands?
£140,000
Why couldn’t they tax in 1553?
Due to their unpopularity
What did the unpopularity of the government mean?
Unable to tax
How did the government get £140,000?
Sale of Crown lands
What happened to Edward during the reign of Northumberland?
Became more involved in the government
What did Edward being more involved in the privy council mean?
Had to take his opinion into account
What happened in March 1551?
At the age of 13, Edward told his sister Mary, that he would not tolerate her hearing mass in her household
When did Edward tell Mary that he would not tolerate her hearing mass in her household?
March 1551, at the age of 13
What was the impact of Edward telling Mary that he didn’t want her hearing mass in her household in March 1551?
Great embarrassment to the privy council
What happened by late 1551?
Edward began attending meetings of the Privy Council.
When did Edward begin attending privy council meetings?
Late 1551
What did Edward do to show his interest in policy making?
Wrote various papers
Set some agendas
What happened to the age that Edward would no longer become reagent?
Would of come of age from 16 instead of 18
What happened to the coin in 1553?
Pattern of the new coin, showed the king on a horseback
What was the impact of the new coin in 1553?
Edward on a horse back showed that he was no longer a child, developing a maturing, capable, young man
When was the new coin with Edward on a horse back made?
1553
Why was Edward still not able to get involved with foreign policy?
Manipulated by older statesmen
What did Henry’s will state?
If Edward were to die with no heirs the crown she passed on to Mary and if she were to die with no heirs then the crown should pass on to Elizabeth
What happened in early in 1553?
Edward became ill and it was clear that he would not recover
When was Edward ill and it was clear that he would not recover?
Early 1553
Why does Edward not want to Mary to be queen
Disagree with the idea of a female Monarch and was fundamentally opposed her Catholicism
Why did Northumberland not want to Mary to become queen?
Leading noble under Edward
Clear Protestant
He would lose power if Mary becomes Queen
When was the devise for the Succession released?
1553
What did the Devise of Successions allow for Mary and Elizabeth?
Passed over both Mary and Elizabeth On grounds that they were both illegitimate due to the cessation of the mothers marriage with Henry
Who was claims illegitimate in the1553 Devise for the Succession?
Mary and Elizabeth
What did the first version of the 1553 Devise for the Succession?
The crown should be passed on to the nearest Protestant relative Lady Jane Grey’s male heirs.
What happened in May 15 53?
Lady Jane Grey married Guildford Dudley who was Northumberland son
When did Lady Jane Grey Marry Guildford Dudley?
May 15 53
What was obvious by June 15 53?
Edward would not live much longer
What was done when it was realised that Edward would not live much longer
They changed the will and said that Lady Jane Grey and her heirs would rule
When did Northumberland dismiss his professional soldiers
1552
What did Northumberland do in 1552
Dismisses soldiers
What did Northumberland’s dismissal of his professional soldiers in 1550 to mean
Allowed Mary to escape to East Anglia
What does Northumberland is dismissal of his professional soldiers in 1552 show
The scheme was not of Northumberland’s work and he did not plan for this course of events
