Chapter 1:Authority Under Edward Flashcards
1
Q
When was the will released
A
1546
2
Q
What did the will propose?
A
Regency council with conservatives and reformists
3
Q
What did each member on the Regency council have?
A
Equal power
4
Q
What would the regency council do?
A
Govern the country’s
5
Q
What happened in 1546?
A
The will
6
Q
When would the regency council end
A
When Edward turned 18
7
Q
What would happen when Edward turned 18
A
Regency council would end
8
Q
What did the kings Ill health mean?
A
A minor would succeed him
9
Q
What was needed to secure the loyalty and cooperation of the council
A
Rewarded with new titles and lands which were taken from monastaries and Howard family
10
Q
Why were the members given lands and new titles?
A
Secure loyalty and cooperation
11
Q
Who drew the first part of the will?
A
William Paget
12
Q
Name a feature of the the will
A
It was with the kings knowledge
It was uncontroversial
13
Q
When was the first part of the kings will drawn?
A
December 1546
14
Q
What happened between the will being signed?
A
Plenty of spaces being left to write in further amendments
15
Q
What happened when the king was near death and unable to do anything
A
Details of regency added
16
Q
When were details of regency added?
A
When the king was near death
17
Q
What was Seymour now able to do?
A
Use loop hole to gain full control of council and gain full monarchical power
18
Q
Who became in charge of the council through a loophole?
A
Seymour
19
Q
Who did Seymour appoint to the council?
A
15 of his closest allies
20
Q
What did the council do to enable them to make all necessary changes?
A
Held a dry stamp (a stamp of the Kings signature)
21
Q
Who gave the council dry stamps?
A
Anthony Denny
22
Q
What was the role of Anthony Denny?
A
Held dry stamp which allowed the council to make necessary changes
23
Q
What happened when the king died
A
Kept secret for 3 days
24
Q
Why was the kings death kept secret for 3 days?
A
Reformists put their plan in action
25
How long was the kings death kept a secret
3 days
26
Why was it seemed natural that Somerset would take power?
Kings uncle
| Built a successful reputation as a successful soldier during Henry’s wars
27
Who had built a successful reputation with soldiers during Henry’s war?
Somerset
28
Why was the regency council considered ridiculous?
16 members with equal votes. Policy would be difficult to agree and fractional disputes would be damaging
29
Who questioned Somerset’s power?
His enemies
30
Why was Edwards minority rule a concern?
Unable to lead troops into battle
Able to be exploited by factions
Exploited by countries during international negotiations
31
What did the 1549 rebellions show?
Weakness of monarch
32
What emphasised the weakness of the monarch
Popularity and severity of 1549 rebellions
33
What was NOT the aims of 1549 rebellions?
Usurp the King
34
What did the rebels sing whilst they were being taken down
“God Save the King”
35
Who ended the 1549 rebellion?
Royal heard
36
What was Seymour advanced to
Duke of Somerset
37
Who was advanced to duke of Somerset
Seymour
38
What was the problem with Somerset?
No real reforms
Failed to show leadership
Failed to compensate for the absence of an adult monarch
39
Who did Somerset try and rule without?
Parliament or privy council
40
What is a proclamation?
Decelerations which simply became law
41
How many proclamations under Henry VIII?
6
42
How many proclamation were made during Edwards reign?
19 a year
43
How many proclamations did Somerset order?
Around 77
| Half of those issued in Edwards reign
44
What was the New council?
Somerset’s council which excluded the privy council
45
How did Somerset exclude the privy council?
Set up council at Somerset house known as the new council
46
What did Somerset fail to take advantage of?
English victory against the Scots in the Battle of Pinkie
47
What did the Battle of Pinkie allow?
English able to occupy all the main border strongholds
48
How did Somerset not take advantage of the Battle of Pinkie?
English occupied all main border strongholds but Somerset did not press this advantage
49
In which battle did the English gain control of the main border strongholds?
Battle of Pinike
50
Who led the army to victory in the Battle of Pinike and what did this mean?
Somerset lead the troops and this improved reputation as a good field commander
51
What did Somerset refuse to do which allowed rebellions to get out of hand?
Military indecision and refusal to deploy troops from the French and Scottish garrisons
52
What did Somerset’s military indecision and refusal to deploy troops from the French and Scottish garrisons cause?
Rebellions to get out of hand
53
When did Somerset begin to loose support?
Aftermath of 1549 rebellions
54
What did the aftermath of the 1549 rebellions?
Somerset was less popular
55
Who was in the anti Somerset faction?
Earl of Warwick who wanted to take Somerset’s place
William Paget who was frustrated with Somerset’s methods of rule
Wriothesly who was a catholic who disliked Somerset’s religious policies
56
Who disliked Somerset because they wanted to take his place
Earl of Warwick
57
Who was a catholic that Disliked Somerset because of his religious policies?
Wriothesly
58
Why did the Earl of Warwick want to remove Somerset?
Wanted his place
59
Why did Wriothesly want the removal of Somerset
He was a catholic and disliked Somerset’s religious policies
60
Who wanted to remove Somerset because he didn’t like his way of rule?
William Paget
61
Why did William Paget dislike Somerset?
Frustrated by Somerset’s methods of rule
62
What allowed the Anti- Somerset faction to act?
Events of October 1549
63
What did the Anti- Somerset faction have in common?
Nothing apart from their dislike of Somerset
64
What did Somerset do once he lost his hold on power?
Retreated to Hampton Courts
65
Why did Somerset retreat to Hampton Courts?
Lost his hold on power
66
What happened on the 5th October 1549?
Somerset issued a proclamation summoning all “loyal English men” to defend him and the king
67
When did Somerset summon a proclamation asking for all loyal Englishmen to defend him and the King ?
5th October 1549
68
What happened on the the 6th October 1549?
Somerset moved to Windsor Castle taking Edward with him
69
Who did Somerset take with him when he moved to Windsor castle on the 6th of October in 1549?
Edwards
70
When did Somerset move to Windsor Castle, Taking Edward with him?
6th October 1549
71
What did Edward claim to be treated as when Somerset took him to Windsor Castle?
Treated like a prisoner
72
Who claimed to be treated as a prisoner when Somerset retreated to Windsor Castle?
Edward
73
What did Somerset tell Edward?
That there would be riots on the street if Somerset fell from power and that he was beginning to get a cold
74
What did Somerset do wrong
Contradict the king
75
What happened within a week of Somerset taking Edward hostage?
Arrested
76
What did not guarantee the rise of Warwick?
Somersets downfall
77
Why did Somersets downfall not guarantee Warwicks rise?
Council contained many conservatives that did not tryst Warwick
78
What did conservatives in the council mean for Warwick?
Conservatives didn’t trust him so he couldn’t rise
79
What did Warwick do to counter the conservatives in the council?
Bring his own allies allowing a Protestant majority
80
Who bought in his allies into the council allowing a Protestant majority?
Warwick
81
What happened in Early December 1549?
Rumours of a catholic plot to remove Warwick
82
What did the rumoured catholic plot against Warwick in December 1549 plan?
Claiming that he was a friend of Warwick
83
When was there a rumoured catholic plot against Warwick?
Early December 1549
84
What happened to the Council by January 1550?
Leading catholic members
| Earl of Arundel and Southampton had been dismissed
85
When were the Earl of Arundel, and Earl of Southampton removed dismissed from the council?
January 1550
86
What was Warwicks position by 1550 April?
Lord President of the Council
87
Who became Lord President of the Council in 1550 April?
Warwick
88
What did Warwick do the king to reinforce his power?
Surround his own supporters around Edward
89
What did Warwick surrounding his supporters around Edward achieve?
Reinforced his power
90
What happened to Somerset under Warwick
Released and restored to Court and the Privy council
91
Who was released form prison and restored to the privy council and court?
Somerset
92
How did Warwick show that Somerset had been restored
Warwicks son even married Somerset’s daughter
93
What did Somerset continue to do under Warwick
Plot against Warwick
94
What were the rumours around Somerset after his release from prison?
Trying to raise rebellions and rouse the common people
95
Were the rumours that Somerset tried to raise a rebellion true
No they we’re fabrications
96
When was Somerset executed?
22 January 1552
97
What happened on the 22nd January 1552
Somerset was executed
98
What happened on October 1551
Warwick elevated to Duke of Northumberland
99
When did Warwick become Duke of Northumberland?
October 1551
100
What did Northumberland do the council size?
Increase it to 33
101
Why did Northumberland increase the size of the council to 33?
Bring in his own supporters
102
What did Northumberland put in the council?
People with more military experience
103
Why did Northumberland place people in the council with military experience?
Rely on military support whenever he needed it
104
How did Northumberland make the government more manageable?
Created smaller inner committees
105
What was the role of the smaller committees within government?
Manage daily business
106
What did Northumberland do with the privy council
Restored them to the centre of Government
107
What did Northumberland do with Proclamations?
He used less of them
108
What did Northumberland use instead of proclamations?
Use parliament to confirm legislations wherever possible
109
What did Northumberland do in March 1550
Agreed to Treaty of Boulogne
110
What was the treaty of Boulogne?
Giving the French Boulogne in return for 400,000 crowns
111
Why did Northumberland agree to the Treaty of Boulogne?
Had to solve the financial crisis and war with France was draining
112
When did the Treaty of Boulogne occur?
March 1550
113
What was the impact of the Treaty Of Boulogne?
Seen as a national disaster
| Less popular amongst common people
114
What happened in May 1551?
Northumberland has to debase the coinage again
115
When did Northumberland debase the coinage again?
May 1551
116
What did debasing they coinage in May 1551 achieve?
£114,000 to pay immediate expenses and short term loans
117
How did Northumberland make £114,000?
Debasing the coinage again in May 1551
118
How much did Northumberland have to borrow in 1551?
£243,000
119
How did Northumberland make £243,000?
Borrowing from continental bankers
120
What was William Cecil appointed as?
Secretary of State and in charge of financial planning
121
Who became Secretary of State under Northumberland?
William Cecil
122
Who was put in charge of financial spending under Northumberland?
Sir Thomas Gresham
| William Cecil
123
What happened in March 1552?
Level of the silver coin had been restored to the level when it was 1527
124
When was the level of Silver restored to the time of 1527?
1552
125
Who restored the level of silver to the time of 1527 in the 1552
Sir Thomas Gresham
| William Cecil
126
What did getting the level of silver equal to that of 1527 in 1552 achieve?
Slowing the rise of inflation
| Disinflation
127
What was the financial situation by 1553?
Largely stabilised
128
By what time was the financial situation largely stabilised
1553
129
How much had to be collected through the sale of Crown lands?
£140,000
130
Why couldn’t they tax in 1553?
Due to their unpopularity
131
What did the unpopularity of the government mean?
Unable to tax
132
How did the government get £140,000?
Sale of Crown lands
133
What happened to Edward during the reign of Northumberland?
Became more involved in the government
134
What did Edward being more involved in the privy council mean?
Had to take his opinion into account
135
What happened in March 1551?
At the age of 13, Edward told his sister Mary, that he would not tolerate her hearing mass in her household
136
When did Edward tell Mary that he would not tolerate her hearing mass in her household?
March 1551, at the age of 13
137
What was the impact of Edward telling Mary that he didn’t want her hearing mass in her household in March 1551?
Great embarrassment to the privy council
138
What happened by late 1551?
Edward began attending meetings of the Privy Council.
139
When did Edward begin attending privy council meetings?
Late 1551
140
What did Edward do to show his interest in policy making?
Wrote various papers
| Set some agendas
141
What happened to the age that Edward would no longer become reagent?
Would of come of age from 16 instead of 18
142
What happened to the coin in 1553?
Pattern of the new coin, showed the king on a horseback
143
What was the impact of the new coin in 1553?
Edward on a horse back showed that he was no longer a child, developing a maturing, capable, young man
144
When was the new coin with Edward on a horse back made?
1553
145
Why was Edward still not able to get involved with foreign policy?
Manipulated by older statesmen
146
What did Henry’s will state?
If Edward were to die with no heirs the crown she passed on to Mary and if she were to die with no heirs then the crown should pass on to Elizabeth
147
What happened in early in 1553?
Edward became ill and it was clear that he would not recover
148
When was Edward ill and it was clear that he would not recover?
Early 1553
149
Why does Edward not want to Mary to be queen
Disagree with the idea of a female Monarch and was fundamentally opposed her Catholicism
150
Why did Northumberland not want to Mary to become queen?
Leading noble under Edward
Clear Protestant
He would lose power if Mary becomes Queen
151
When was the devise for the Succession released?
1553
152
What did the Devise of Successions allow for Mary and Elizabeth?
Passed over both Mary and Elizabeth On grounds that they were both illegitimate due to the cessation of the mothers marriage with Henry
153
Who was claims illegitimate in the1553 Devise for the Succession?
Mary and Elizabeth
154
What did the first version of the 1553 Devise for the Succession?
The crown should be passed on to the nearest Protestant relative Lady Jane Grey’s male heirs.
155
What happened in May 15 53?
Lady Jane Grey married Guildford Dudley who was Northumberland son
156
When did Lady Jane Grey Marry Guildford Dudley?
May 15 53
157
What was obvious by June 15 53?
Edward would not live much longer
158
What was done when it was realised that Edward would not live much longer
They changed the will and said that Lady Jane Grey and her heirs would rule
159
When did Northumberland dismiss his professional soldiers
1552
160
What did Northumberland do in 1552
Dismisses soldiers
161
What did Northumberland’s dismissal of his professional soldiers in 1550 to mean
Allowed Mary to escape to East Anglia
162
What does Northumberland is dismissal of his professional soldiers in 1552 show
The scheme was not of Northumberland’s work and he did not plan for this course of events
