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Mid Tudor Crisis > Chapter 1:Authority Under Edward > Flashcards

Chapter 1:Authority Under Edward Flashcards

1
Q

When was the will released

A

1546

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2
Q

What did the will propose?

A

Regency council with conservatives and reformists

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3
Q

What did each member on the Regency council have?

A

Equal power

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4
Q

What would the regency council do?

A

Govern the country’s

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5
Q

What happened in 1546?

A

The will

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6
Q

When would the regency council end

A

When Edward turned 18

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7
Q

What would happen when Edward turned 18

A

Regency council would end

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8
Q

What did the kings Ill health mean?

A

A minor would succeed him

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9
Q

What was needed to secure the loyalty and cooperation of the council

A

Rewarded with new titles and lands which were taken from monastaries and Howard family

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10
Q

Why were the members given lands and new titles?

A

Secure loyalty and cooperation

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11
Q

Who drew the first part of the will?

A

William Paget

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12
Q

Name a feature of the the will

A

It was with the kings knowledge

It was uncontroversial

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13
Q

When was the first part of the kings will drawn?

A

December 1546

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14
Q

What happened between the will being signed?

A

Plenty of spaces being left to write in further amendments

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15
Q

What happened when the king was near death and unable to do anything

A

Details of regency added

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16
Q

When were details of regency added?

A

When the king was near death

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17
Q

What was Seymour now able to do?

A

Use loop hole to gain full control of council and gain full monarchical power

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18
Q

Who became in charge of the council through a loophole?

A

Seymour

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19
Q

Who did Seymour appoint to the council?

A

15 of his closest allies

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20
Q

What did the council do to enable them to make all necessary changes?

A

Held a dry stamp (a stamp of the Kings signature)

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21
Q

Who gave the council dry stamps?

A

Anthony Denny

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22
Q

What was the role of Anthony Denny?

A

Held dry stamp which allowed the council to make necessary changes

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23
Q

What happened when the king died

A

Kept secret for 3 days

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24
Q

Why was the kings death kept secret for 3 days?

A

Reformists put their plan in action

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25
Q

How long was the kings death kept a secret

A

3 days

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26
Q

Why was it seemed natural that Somerset would take power?

A

Kings uncle

Built a successful reputation as a successful soldier during Henry’s wars

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27
Q

Who had built a successful reputation with soldiers during Henry’s war?

A

Somerset

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28
Q

Why was the regency council considered ridiculous?

A

16 members with equal votes. Policy would be difficult to agree and fractional disputes would be damaging

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29
Q

Who questioned Somerset’s power?

A

His enemies

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30
Q

Why was Edwards minority rule a concern?

A

Unable to lead troops into battle
Able to be exploited by factions
Exploited by countries during international negotiations

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31
Q

What did the 1549 rebellions show?

A

Weakness of monarch

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32
Q

What emphasised the weakness of the monarch

A

Popularity and severity of 1549 rebellions

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33
Q

What was NOT the aims of 1549 rebellions?

A

Usurp the King

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34
Q

What did the rebels sing whilst they were being taken down

A

“God Save the King”

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35
Q

Who ended the 1549 rebellion?

A

Royal heard

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36
Q

What was Seymour advanced to

A

Duke of Somerset

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37
Q

Who was advanced to duke of Somerset

A

Seymour

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38
Q

What was the problem with Somerset?

A

No real reforms
Failed to show leadership
Failed to compensate for the absence of an adult monarch

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39
Q

Who did Somerset try and rule without?

A

Parliament or privy council

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40
Q

What is a proclamation?

A

Decelerations which simply became law

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41
Q

How many proclamations under Henry VIII?

A

6

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42
Q

How many proclamation were made during Edwards reign?

A

19 a year

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43
Q

How many proclamations did Somerset order?

A

Around 77

Half of those issued in Edwards reign

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44
Q

What was the New council?

A

Somerset’s council which excluded the privy council

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45
Q

How did Somerset exclude the privy council?

A

Set up council at Somerset house known as the new council

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46
Q

What did Somerset fail to take advantage of?

A

English victory against the Scots in the Battle of Pinkie

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47
Q

What did the Battle of Pinkie allow?

A

English able to occupy all the main border strongholds

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48
Q

How did Somerset not take advantage of the Battle of Pinkie?

A

English occupied all main border strongholds but Somerset did not press this advantage

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49
Q

In which battle did the English gain control of the main border strongholds?

A

Battle of Pinike

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50
Q

Who led the army to victory in the Battle of Pinike and what did this mean?

A

Somerset lead the troops and this improved reputation as a good field commander

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51
Q

What did Somerset refuse to do which allowed rebellions to get out of hand?

A

Military indecision and refusal to deploy troops from the French and Scottish garrisons

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52
Q

What did Somerset’s military indecision and refusal to deploy troops from the French and Scottish garrisons cause?

A

Rebellions to get out of hand

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53
Q

When did Somerset begin to loose support?

A

Aftermath of 1549 rebellions

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54
Q

What did the aftermath of the 1549 rebellions?

A

Somerset was less popular

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55
Q

Who was in the anti Somerset faction?

A

Earl of Warwick who wanted to take Somerset’s place
William Paget who was frustrated with Somerset’s methods of rule
Wriothesly who was a catholic who disliked Somerset’s religious policies

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56
Q

Who disliked Somerset because they wanted to take his place

A

Earl of Warwick

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57
Q

Who was a catholic that Disliked Somerset because of his religious policies?

A

Wriothesly

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58
Q

Why did the Earl of Warwick want to remove Somerset?

A

Wanted his place

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59
Q

Why did Wriothesly want the removal of Somerset

A

He was a catholic and disliked Somerset’s religious policies

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60
Q

Who wanted to remove Somerset because he didn’t like his way of rule?

A

William Paget

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61
Q

Why did William Paget dislike Somerset?

A

Frustrated by Somerset’s methods of rule

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62
Q

What allowed the Anti- Somerset faction to act?

A

Events of October 1549

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63
Q

What did the Anti- Somerset faction have in common?

A

Nothing apart from their dislike of Somerset

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64
Q

What did Somerset do once he lost his hold on power?

A

Retreated to Hampton Courts

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65
Q

Why did Somerset retreat to Hampton Courts?

A

Lost his hold on power

66
Q

What happened on the 5th October 1549?

A

Somerset issued a proclamation summoning all “loyal English men” to defend him and the king

67
Q

When did Somerset summon a proclamation asking for all loyal Englishmen to defend him and the King ?

A

5th October 1549

68
Q

What happened on the the 6th October 1549?

A

Somerset moved to Windsor Castle taking Edward with him

69
Q

Who did Somerset take with him when he moved to Windsor castle on the 6th of October in 1549?

A

Edwards

70
Q

When did Somerset move to Windsor Castle, Taking Edward with him?

A

6th October 1549

71
Q

What did Edward claim to be treated as when Somerset took him to Windsor Castle?

A

Treated like a prisoner

72
Q

Who claimed to be treated as a prisoner when Somerset retreated to Windsor Castle?

A

Edward

73
Q

What did Somerset tell Edward?

A

That there would be riots on the street if Somerset fell from power and that he was beginning to get a cold

74
Q

What did Somerset do wrong

A

Contradict the king

75
Q

What happened within a week of Somerset taking Edward hostage?

A

Arrested

76
Q

What did not guarantee the rise of Warwick?

A

Somersets downfall

77
Q

Why did Somersets downfall not guarantee Warwicks rise?

A

Council contained many conservatives that did not tryst Warwick

78
Q

What did conservatives in the council mean for Warwick?

A

Conservatives didn’t trust him so he couldn’t rise

79
Q

What did Warwick do to counter the conservatives in the council?

A

Bring his own allies allowing a Protestant majority

80
Q

Who bought in his allies into the council allowing a Protestant majority?

A

Warwick

81
Q

What happened in Early December 1549?

A

Rumours of a catholic plot to remove Warwick

82
Q

What did the rumoured catholic plot against Warwick in December 1549 plan?

A

Claiming that he was a friend of Warwick

83
Q

When was there a rumoured catholic plot against Warwick?

A

Early December 1549

84
Q

What happened to the Council by January 1550?

A

Leading catholic members

Earl of Arundel and Southampton had been dismissed

85
Q

When were the Earl of Arundel, and Earl of Southampton removed dismissed from the council?

A

January 1550

86
Q

What was Warwicks position by 1550 April?

A

Lord President of the Council

87
Q

Who became Lord President of the Council in 1550 April?

A

Warwick

88
Q

What did Warwick do the king to reinforce his power?

A

Surround his own supporters around Edward

89
Q

What did Warwick surrounding his supporters around Edward achieve?

A

Reinforced his power

90
Q

What happened to Somerset under Warwick

A

Released and restored to Court and the Privy council

91
Q

Who was released form prison and restored to the privy council and court?

A

Somerset

92
Q

How did Warwick show that Somerset had been restored

A

Warwicks son even married Somerset’s daughter

93
Q

What did Somerset continue to do under Warwick

A

Plot against Warwick

94
Q

What were the rumours around Somerset after his release from prison?

A

Trying to raise rebellions and rouse the common people

95
Q

Were the rumours that Somerset tried to raise a rebellion true

A

No they we’re fabrications

96
Q

When was Somerset executed?

A

22 January 1552

97
Q

What happened on the 22nd January 1552

A

Somerset was executed

98
Q

What happened on October 1551

A

Warwick elevated to Duke of Northumberland

99
Q

When did Warwick become Duke of Northumberland?

A

October 1551

100
Q

What did Northumberland do the council size?

A

Increase it to 33

101
Q

Why did Northumberland increase the size of the council to 33?

A

Bring in his own supporters

102
Q

What did Northumberland put in the council?

A

People with more military experience

103
Q

Why did Northumberland place people in the council with military experience?

A

Rely on military support whenever he needed it

104
Q

How did Northumberland make the government more manageable?

A

Created smaller inner committees

105
Q

What was the role of the smaller committees within government?

A

Manage daily business

106
Q

What did Northumberland do with the privy council

A

Restored them to the centre of Government

107
Q

What did Northumberland do with Proclamations?

A

He used less of them

108
Q

What did Northumberland use instead of proclamations?

A

Use parliament to confirm legislations wherever possible

109
Q

What did Northumberland do in March 1550

A

Agreed to Treaty of Boulogne

110
Q

What was the treaty of Boulogne?

A

Giving the French Boulogne in return for 400,000 crowns

111
Q

Why did Northumberland agree to the Treaty of Boulogne?

A

Had to solve the financial crisis and war with France was draining

112
Q

When did the Treaty of Boulogne occur?

A

March 1550

113
Q

What was the impact of the Treaty Of Boulogne?

A

Seen as a national disaster

Less popular amongst common people

114
Q

What happened in May 1551?

A

Northumberland has to debase the coinage again

115
Q

When did Northumberland debase the coinage again?

A

May 1551

116
Q

What did debasing they coinage in May 1551 achieve?

A

£114,000 to pay immediate expenses and short term loans

117
Q

How did Northumberland make £114,000?

A

Debasing the coinage again in May 1551

118
Q

How much did Northumberland have to borrow in 1551?

A

£243,000

119
Q

How did Northumberland make £243,000?

A

Borrowing from continental bankers

120
Q

What was William Cecil appointed as?

A

Secretary of State and in charge of financial planning

121
Q

Who became Secretary of State under Northumberland?

A

William Cecil

122
Q

Who was put in charge of financial spending under Northumberland?

A

Sir Thomas Gresham

William Cecil

123
Q

What happened in March 1552?

A

Level of the silver coin had been restored to the level when it was 1527

124
Q

When was the level of Silver restored to the time of 1527?

A

1552

125
Q

Who restored the level of silver to the time of 1527 in the 1552

A

Sir Thomas Gresham

William Cecil

126
Q

What did getting the level of silver equal to that of 1527 in 1552 achieve?

A

Slowing the rise of inflation

Disinflation

127
Q

What was the financial situation by 1553?

A

Largely stabilised

128
Q

By what time was the financial situation largely stabilised

A

1553

129
Q

How much had to be collected through the sale of Crown lands?

A

£140,000

130
Q

Why couldn’t they tax in 1553?

A

Due to their unpopularity

131
Q

What did the unpopularity of the government mean?

A

Unable to tax

132
Q

How did the government get £140,000?

A

Sale of Crown lands

133
Q

What happened to Edward during the reign of Northumberland?

A

Became more involved in the government

134
Q

What did Edward being more involved in the privy council mean?

A

Had to take his opinion into account

135
Q

What happened in March 1551?

A

At the age of 13, Edward told his sister Mary, that he would not tolerate her hearing mass in her household

136
Q

When did Edward tell Mary that he would not tolerate her hearing mass in her household?

A

March 1551, at the age of 13

137
Q

What was the impact of Edward telling Mary that he didn’t want her hearing mass in her household in March 1551?

A

Great embarrassment to the privy council

138
Q

What happened by late 1551?

A

Edward began attending meetings of the Privy Council.

139
Q

When did Edward begin attending privy council meetings?

A

Late 1551

140
Q

What did Edward do to show his interest in policy making?

A

Wrote various papers

Set some agendas

141
Q

What happened to the age that Edward would no longer become reagent?

A

Would of come of age from 16 instead of 18

142
Q

What happened to the coin in 1553?

A

Pattern of the new coin, showed the king on a horseback

143
Q

What was the impact of the new coin in 1553?

A

Edward on a horse back showed that he was no longer a child, developing a maturing, capable, young man

144
Q

When was the new coin with Edward on a horse back made?

A

1553

145
Q

Why was Edward still not able to get involved with foreign policy?

A

Manipulated by older statesmen

146
Q

What did Henry’s will state?

A

If Edward were to die with no heirs the crown she passed on to Mary and if she were to die with no heirs then the crown should pass on to Elizabeth

147
Q

What happened in early in 1553?

A

Edward became ill and it was clear that he would not recover

148
Q

When was Edward ill and it was clear that he would not recover?

A

Early 1553

149
Q

Why does Edward not want to Mary to be queen

A

Disagree with the idea of a female Monarch and was fundamentally opposed her Catholicism

150
Q

Why did Northumberland not want to Mary to become queen?

A

Leading noble under Edward
Clear Protestant
He would lose power if Mary becomes Queen

151
Q

When was the devise for the Succession released?

A

1553

152
Q

What did the Devise of Successions allow for Mary and Elizabeth?

A

Passed over both Mary and Elizabeth On grounds that they were both illegitimate due to the cessation of the mothers marriage with Henry

153
Q

Who was claims illegitimate in the1553 Devise for the Succession?

A

Mary and Elizabeth

154
Q

What did the first version of the 1553 Devise for the Succession?

A

The crown should be passed on to the nearest Protestant relative Lady Jane Grey’s male heirs.

155
Q

What happened in May 15 53?

A

Lady Jane Grey married Guildford Dudley who was Northumberland son

156
Q

When did Lady Jane Grey Marry Guildford Dudley?

A

May 15 53

157
Q

What was obvious by June 15 53?

A

Edward would not live much longer

158
Q

What was done when it was realised that Edward would not live much longer

A

They changed the will and said that Lady Jane Grey and her heirs would rule

159
Q

When did Northumberland dismiss his professional soldiers

A

1552

160
Q

What did Northumberland do in 1552

A

Dismisses soldiers

161
Q

What did Northumberland’s dismissal of his professional soldiers in 1550 to mean

A

Allowed Mary to escape to East Anglia

162
Q

What does Northumberland is dismissal of his professional soldiers in 1552 show

A

The scheme was not of Northumberland’s work and he did not plan for this course of events

Mid Tudor Crisis (10 decks)

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