Chapter 2

Question 1

summary of Jesus story

Answer 1

• He was a jew and a Roman subject

- suffered on the cross to redeem humanity of sin

Question 2

Who spread Christianity through the Roman Empire?

Answer 2

St. Peter + apostles

Question 3

Were Roman citizens allowed to be Christian?

Answer 3

yes, as long as they also worshipped the Roman empire

Question 4

Which emperor established Christianity to the Roman Empire

Answer 4

Constantine I (introduced to Christianity by his mother, and converted after getting a sign from Jesus in a battle)

Question 5

Psalm

Answer 5

sacred poems of praise from the Hebrew book of Psalms

Question 6

What was the purpose of music in the church

Answer 6

to sing text during worship

Question 7

Why was instrumental music banned in the church?

Answer 7

St. Augustine was so moved by music that feared its powers

Question 8

When did the Christian church divide?

Answer 8

1st century

Question 9

What is a rite?

Answer 9

The set of practices that defines a particular Christian tradition, including a church calendar, a liturgy, and a repertory of chant.

Question 10

What is liturgy?

Answer 10

The prescribed body of texts to be spoken or sung and ritual actions to be performed in a religious service.

Question 11

what is echoi?

Answer 11

modes

Question 12

What is plainchant?

Answer 12

unison song with no instruments

Question 13

the Eucharist

Answer 13

blood/flesh = bread/wine of christ to be consumed

Question 14

The hierarchy of the church

Answer 14

pope>archbishop>bishop>priests

Question 15

What is the role of priests

Answer 15

mediator between church, individual and god

Question 16

What is Gregorian chant?

Answer 16

the repertory of ecclesiastical chant used in the Roman Catholic Church, Pope GREGORy is the founder of chant to the English church

Question 17

How did Roman chant go to France?

Answer 17

Pippin the short imported Roman Liturgy and chant

Question 18

How did Pope Gregory “get” his chants

Answer 18

they were dictated by the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove

Question 19

What is the purpose of Gregorian chant?

Answer 19

unified church across far distances and variation

Question 20

What fuelled the need for musical notation?

Answer 20

Romans wanted to teach the Frankish the chants but it was difficult without notation to preserve uniformity

Question 21

What are neumes?

Answer 21

symbols to create general melodic direction, came from Latin accents

Question 22

What are heighted neumes?

Answer 22

neumes placed at different heights to indicate pitch

Question 23

what allowed precise note reading?

Answer 23

staffs

Question 24

Did neumes convey rhythms?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

What is music mundana?

Answer 25

music of the universe

Question 26

musica humana?

Answer 26

human music that harmonizes the body and soul

Question 27

musica instrumentalis?

Answer 27

audible music produced by instruments or voices

Question 28

What did Boethius say about music?

Answer 28

important to educate kids, philosophical, affects character

Question 29

What is the book on theory called?

Answer 29

Musica enchiriadis (music handbook) and scoria enchiriadius (comments handbook)

Question 30

What is Guido of Arezzo’s Micrologus

Answer 30

a practical guide for singing that covers notes, intervals, 8 modes, melodic composition, improvised polyphony

Question 31

what is the final?

Answer 31

the last note of a mode

Question 32

what is the reciting tone?

Answer 32

the second most important tone, emphasized in chant

Question 33

What is solmization?

Answer 33

assigning syllables to steps in a scale (sol fege)

Question 34

What is mutation?

Answer 34

moving sol fege to cover many octaves

Question 35

what is the Guidonian Hand?

Answer 35

you can learn to sing intervals based on the hand