Chapter 2 Flashcards
summary of Jesus story
- He was a jew and a Roman subject
- suffered on the cross to redeem humanity of sin
Who spread Christianity through the Roman Empire?
St. Peter + apostles
Were Roman citizens allowed to be Christian?
yes, as long as they also worshipped the Roman empire
Which emperor established Christianity to the Roman Empire
Constantine I (introduced to Christianity by his mother, and converted after getting a sign from Jesus in a battle)
Psalm
sacred poems of praise from the Hebrew book of Psalms
What was the purpose of music in the church
to sing text during worship
Why was instrumental music banned in the church?
St. Augustine was so moved by music that feared its powers
When did the Christian church divide?
1st century
What is a rite?
The set of practices that defines a particular Christian tradition, including a church calendar, a liturgy, and a repertory of chant.
What is liturgy?
The prescribed body of texts to be spoken or sung and ritual actions to be performed in a religious service.
what is echoi?
modes
What is plainchant?
unison song with no instruments
the Eucharist
blood/flesh = bread/wine of christ to be consumed
The hierarchy of the church
pope>archbishop>bishop>priests
What is the role of priests
mediator between church, individual and god
What is Gregorian chant?
the repertory of ecclesiastical chant used in the Roman Catholic Church, Pope GREGORy is the founder of chant to the English church
How did Roman chant go to France?
Pippin the short imported Roman Liturgy and chant
How did Pope Gregory “get” his chants
they were dictated by the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove
What is the purpose of Gregorian chant?
unified church across far distances and variation
What fuelled the need for musical notation?
Romans wanted to teach the Frankish the chants but it was difficult without notation to preserve uniformity
What are neumes?
symbols to create general melodic direction, came from Latin accents
What are heighted neumes?
neumes placed at different heights to indicate pitch
what allowed precise note reading?
staffs
Did neumes convey rhythms?
no
What is music mundana?
music of the universe
musica humana?
human music that harmonizes the body and soul
musica instrumentalis?
audible music produced by instruments or voices
What did Boethius say about music?
important to educate kids, philosophical, affects character
What is the book on theory called?
Musica enchiriadis (music handbook) and scoria enchiriadius (comments handbook)
What is Guido of Arezzo’s Micrologus
a practical guide for singing that covers notes, intervals, 8 modes, melodic composition, improvised polyphony
what is the final?
the last note of a mode
what is the reciting tone?
the second most important tone, emphasized in chant
What is solmization?
assigning syllables to steps in a scale (sol fege)
What is mutation?
moving sol fege to cover many octaves
what is the Guidonian Hand?
you can learn to sing intervals based on the hand
