Chapter 2 Flashcards
Scientific Management
Aimed at finding on “best way of doing a task. This method of management developed a science for each mans work. This form of management focused on the completion of tasks and sought the best ways to improve efficiency in task completion. Focus on reducing inefficiency, enhancing productivity, and rewarding good workers.
Motion Studies
Eliminating unnecessary movements involved in performing a task such that there is no wastage in your usage of human capital. Think about how Takmura shifts his hips in boxing.
Gantt Chart
Gantt built a giant chart and broke down actions and activities into very specific tasks. He calculated the specific amount of time each task took those observations and compared them to one another.
Four Principles of Scientific Management
(SDCW) = Some dreams can work
These are:
- Develop a science for each mans work, don’t rely on old rules of thumb
- Select, train, teach and develop workers rather than teaching them to do it.
- Heartily cooperate with workers to ensure they understand the agreement and that they follow the program
- Make the management work, rather than just bulling subordinates into working.
Problems of Scientific Management at Ford
- Deskilling as a result of overspecialization
- Trimmed workers
- Treated workers as robots
Bureaucratic Management
Focused on management as a bureaucracy, it stressed a workplace hierarchy that was focused on dividing labor and keeping a clear chain of command. Rewards were based on seniority as well as skills. It ignored the social and the political environment.
Problems with Bureaucratic Management
- Lack of Communication
- Role/Task Specificity (People have limited skills)
- Inefficiency
- Death by Rules
Human Relations Management
A form of management style that began analzing psychology, office structure, motivation and leadership topics.
Key points:
- Conflict can be positive in the workplace
- Relationships can influence productivity even beyond incentives and work environment
- Both formal and informal cultures can lead to success
Hawthorne Effect
This is the idea that sometimes increases in productivity that are realized upon observation and some sort of environmental change, are often only increasing due to workers being observed as opposed to the change having a productive effect.
Contingency Theory
EVERYTHING DEPENDS ON THE SITUATION. The right action to pursue depends on a variety of contingencies. It is not universal in its approach. It says that we are not above but that we are apart of the environment as a whole.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
The right thing to do can be found from using statistics in order to eliminate defects.
Different Paradigms
Open + Rational = Contingency Theory
Open + Natural = Institutional Theory
Closed + Rational = Scientific Management
Closed + Natural = Human Relations Management
Foxconn vs. Ford
Review the notes we had on this discussion
