Chapter 2 Flashcards
Structured observation
Observation of behavior in a laboratory, where conditions we the same for all participants
Naturalistic observation
An approach that involves going into the field, or natural environment, and record the behavior of interest
Event sampling
The observer records all instance of s particular behavior during s specified time period
Time sampling
The researcher records whether certain behaviors occur during a sample of short intervals
Observer influence
The effects of the observer on the behavior studied
Observer bias
When observers are aware of the purposes of the study, they may see and recoded what they expect to see rather than what participants actually do.
Clinical interview
Researchers use a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view
Structured interview
Each individual is asked the same set of questions in the same way
Neurobiological method
Which measures the relationship between nervous systems processes and behavior
Internal validity
Is the degree to which conditions internal to the design of the study permit an accurate test of the researcher’s hypothesis or question
External validity
The degree to which their findings generalize to settings and participants outside the original study
Longitudinal design
Participants are studied repeatedly at different ages, and changes are noted as they get older
Selective attrition
Those who continue experiment rather than dropping out likely differ in important ways
Cohort effects
Longitudinal studies examine the development of cohorts–children developing in the same time period who are influenced by particular cultural and historical conditions
Cross sectional design
Groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time
