Chapter 11

Question 0

Self-recognition

Answer 0

Identification of the self as a physically unique being

Question 1

Social cognition

Answer 1

How children come to understand their multifaceted social world

Question 2

Scale errors

Answer 2

Attempting to do things that their body size makes impossible

Question 3

Categorical self

Answer 3

Classification of oneself on the basis of perceptually distinct attributes and behaviors- age, gender, physical characteristics

Question 4

Remember self

Answer 4

An autobiographical memory in a narrative

Question 5

Enduring self

Answer 5

A view of themselves as persisting over time

Question 6

Inner self

Answer 6

Of private thoughts and imaginings

Question 7

Perspective talking

Answer 7

The capacity to imagine what others might be thinking and feeling and to distinguish those viewpoints from ones own

Question 8

Desire theory of mind

Answer 8

People always act in ways consistent weir desires and do not realize that less obvious, more interpretive mental states, such as beliefs, also affect behavior

Question 9

Believe-desire theory of mind

Answer 9

A more advanced view in which both beliefs and desires determine actions

Question 10

Self-concept

Answer 10

The set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is

Question 11

Social comparisons

Answer 11

Judgements of their own appearance, abilities, and behavior in relation to those of others

Question 12

Generalized other

Answer 12

A blend of what we imagine important people in our lives think of us

Question 13

Self-esteem

Answer 13

The judgements we make about our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgements

Question 14

Attributions

Answer 14

Are our common, everyday explanations for the cause of behavior-our answers to the question. Why did I or another person do that?

Question 15

Achievement motivation

Answer 15

The tendency to persist at challenging tasks

Question 16

Mastery-oriented attributions

Answer 16

Crediting their successes to ability

Question 17

Incremental view of ability

Answer 17

That it can increase through effort

Question 18

Learned helplessness

Answer 18

Attribute their failures, not their successes, to ability. When they succeed they are likely to attribute it to luck

Question 19

Attribution retraining

Answer 19

Encourages learned helplessness children to believe that they can overcome failure by exerting more effort

Question 20

Identity

Answer 20

Involves defining who you are, what you value, and the directions you choose to pursue in life

Question 21

Person perception

Answer 21

Refers to the way we size up the qualities of people with whom we are familiar

Question 22

Social problem solving

Answer 22

Generating and applying strategies that prevent or resolve disagreements, resulting in outcomes that are both acceptable to others and beneficial to the self