Chapter 12

Question 1

Induction

Answer 1

In which an adult helps the child notice others feelings by pointing out the effects of the child’s misbehavior on others

Question 2

Moral identity

Answer 2

Endorsement of moral values as central to their self-concept

Question 3

Heteronomous morality

Answer 3

Suggests children in this first stage views rules as handed down by authorities, as having permanent existence, as unchangeable

Question 4

Realism

Answer 4

The tendency to view mental phenomena, including rule, as fixed external features of reality

Question 5

Morality of cooperation

Answer 5

In which they no longer view rules as fixed but see them as flexible, socially agreed-on principles at can be revised the suit the will of the majority

Question 6

Ideal reciprocity

Answer 6

The idea expressed in the golden rule

Question 7

Preconventional level

Answer 7

Morality is externally controlled.

Question 8

Conventional level

Answer 8

Individuals continue to regard conformity to social rules as important, but not for reasons of self-interest.

Question 9

Postconventional level

Answer 9

Move beyond unquestioning support for the laws and rules of their own society.

Question 10

Moral imperatives

Answer 10

Which protect people’s rights and welfare

Question 11

Social conventions

Answer 11

Customs determined solely by consensus, such as table manners and rituals of social inter-action

Question 12

Matters of personal choice

Answer 12

Such as friends, hairstyle, and leisure activities, which do not violate rights and are up to the individual

Question 13

Delay of gratification

Answer 13

Waiting for an appropriate time and place to engage in a tempting act

Question 14

Moral self-regulation

Answer 14

The ability to monitors ones own conduct, constantly adjusting it as circumstances present opportunities to violate inner standards

Question 15

Internalization

Answer 15

Adopting societal standards for right actions ones own

Question 16

Proactive aggression

Answer 16

In which children act to fulfill a need or desire obtain an object, privelage, space, or social reward, such as adult attention or peer admiration and unemotionally attack a person to achieve their goal.

Question 17

Reactive aggression

Answer 17

Is an angry, defensive response to a provocation or a blocked goal and is meant to hurt another person

Question 18

Physical aggression

Answer 18

Harms others through physical injury-pushing, hitting, kicking, or punching others, or destroying another’s property.

Question 19

Verbal aggression

Answer 19

Harms other through threats of physical aggression, name-calling, or hostile teasing

Question 20

Relational aggression

Answer 20

Damages another’s peer relationships through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or friendship manipulation