Chapter 2

Question 1

What is work?

Answer 1

any activity that requires energy

Question 2

what is energy?

Answer 2

ability to do work

Question 3

what are the two types of energy?

Answer 3

Potential energy and kinetic energy

Question 4

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 4

energy of motion

Question 5

what is potential energy?

Answer 5

stored/inactive energy

Question 6

What is heat? how fast are the particles?

Answer 6

thermal energy, the faster the particle the more thermal energy

Question 7

What is the SI unit of energy and work?

Answer 7

Joules (J)

Question 8

what is a calorie?

Answer 8

it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g° of water by 1°C

Question 9

1 calorie = __J, is it exact?

Answer 9

1 calorie= 4.184 J, yes it is exact

Question 10

what is the coldest temperature on the Calvin scale called? what is it’s value in 0 °C?

Answer 10

absolute zero, 273 °C

Question 11

1 K= __°C

Answer 11

1 K= 1°C

Question 12

formula to convert °C to K?

Answer 12

K= ___+273

Question 13

what is matter?

Answer 13

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 14

what is a pure substance?

Answer 14

matter with fixed or constant composition

Question 15

what are the types of pure substances?

Answer 15

element and compund

Question 16

what is an element?

Answer 16

an element is composed of only one kind of material/atom

Question 17

what is a compound?

Answer 17

two or more chemically combined atom in the same proportions (atoms held together by bonds, therefore they can only be broken by chemical means)

Question 18

what are atoms held together by?

Answer 18

attraction forces called bonds

Question 19

how do you separate pure substances?

Answer 19

by chemical means, you cant separate them by physical means.

Question 20

what is a mixture?

Answer 20

Two or more substances physically mixed, therefore physical processes can separate mixtures.

Question 21

What are the classification of mixtures?

Answer 21

heterogeneous mixture and homogeneous mixture

Question 22

what is a heterogeneous mixture?

Answer 22

a heterogeneous mixture doesn’t have a uniform composition.

Question 23

what is a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 23

A homogeneous mixture is any mixture that is uniform in composition throughout. ex: solution

Question 24

What does filtration separate? (states of matter)

Answer 24

mixtures, separates solids from liquids

Question 25

What are the states of matter?

Answer 25

solid, liquid and gas.

Question 26

What are physical properties?

Answer 26

they are characteristics that can be observed or measured without affecting identity of substance

Question 27

what are physical changes?

Answer 27

when appearances/states of matter change, but the composition is the same

Question 28

What is the melting point(mp)?

Answer 28

the point where solids are converted to liquids

Question 29

Is energy released or absorbed at melting point?

Answer 29

Energy is absorbed

Question 30

What is the freezing point? (fp)

Answer 30

the point where liquids are converted to solids

Question 31

Is energy released or absorbed at freezing point?

Answer 31

Energy is released

Question 32

What is evaporation?

Answer 32

process where water molecules acquire sufficient kinetic energy to become gas, does not have to be at boiling point

Question 33

What is the boiling point? (bp)

Answer 33

All molecules within a liquid gains enough energy to become a gas

Question 34

What is condensation?

Answer 34

when heat is removed from gas matter to become a liquid matter

Question 35

What is boiling?

Answer 35

The change of liquid to gas at boiling point

Question 36

What is sublimation?

Answer 36

when solid changes to a gas directly.

Question 37

What is deposition?

Answer 37

When gas changes to a solid directly

Question 38

What is a chemical property?

Answer 38

The properties that indicate the ability of a substance to change into a new substance

Question 39

What is a chemical change?

Answer 39

original substance converted to new substance with different composition and new physical and chemical properties ex) rusting of iron, burning of wood.

Question 40

What is the specific heat?

Answer 40

of joules/calories needed to change 1g of substance by 1°C

Question 41

Formula for specific heat?

Answer 41

Specific heat= heat (j or cal) / (mass (g) * change in temperature (°C))

Question 42

Formula for heat?

Answer 42

Heat= mass * change of temperature * specific heat

Question 43

What is the order of energy sources in your body?

Answer 43

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Question 44

What is a Calorie?

Answer 44

1000 cal or 1 kcal | 1 Cal= 1 kcal= 1 cal

Question 45

Formula for converting C to F:

Answer 45

(1.8)(C)+32

Question 46

Formula for converting F to C.

Answer 46

(F-32)/(1.8)

Question 47

What are the ways of separating a mixture?

Answer 47

Filtration and chromatography

Question 48

What is chromatography?

Answer 48

separates different component of liquids.

Question 49

What are properties of solids? | shape, volume, attraction, movement

Answer 49

Definite shape and definite volume strong attractive forces hold particles in rigid pattern particles vibrate in place

Question 50

What are the properties of liquids? | shape, volume, attraction, movement

Answer 50

Definite volume and definite shape Particles move slowly in random directions only sufficiently attracted to each other to maintain volume

Question 51

What are the properties of gases? | shape, volume, attraction, movement

Answer 51

No definite shape and no definite volume little attraction in particles particles far apart and fast.

Question 52

What are the similarities and difference between boiling point and condensation?

Answer 52

condensation and boiling point occurs at the same point, except heat is removed in condensation and at boiling point, heat is added.

Question 53

State the steps of a heating curve of water | from lowest temperature/least heat to highest temperature/most heat

Answer 53

Solid, solid + liquid (melting), liquid, Liquid and gas (boiling), gas

Question 54

State the steps of a cooling curve of water | (from highest temperature/most heat to lowest temperature/least heat

Answer 54

steam, water + steam (condensation), water, water + ice (freezing), ice

Question 55

What is the order of energy sources in your body?

Answer 55

Carbohydrates, fats, protein

Question 56

What is a Calorie?

Answer 56

1000 cal or 1kcal

Question 57

1 Cal = ___kJ= ___J | 1 Cal= __kcal=____cal

Answer 57

1 Cal = 4.184kJ= 4184J | 1 Cal= 1kcal=1000cal

Question 58

How many kj/g and kcal/g do you need to burn a carbohydrate?

Answer 58

17 kJ/g | 4 kcal/g

Question 59

How many kj/g and kcal/g do you need to burn a fat?

Answer 59

38 kJ/g | 9 kcal/g

Question 60

How many kj/g and kcal/g do you need to burn a protein?

Answer 60

17 kJ/g | 4 kcal/g