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Chem 100 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is work?

A

any activity that requires energy

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2
Q

what is energy?

A

ability to do work

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3
Q

what are the two types of energy?

A

Potential energy and kinetic energy

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4
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

energy of motion

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5
Q

what is potential energy?

A

stored/inactive energy

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6
Q

What is heat? how fast are the particles?

A

thermal energy, the faster the particle the more thermal energy

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7
Q

What is the SI unit of energy and work?

A

Joules (J)

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8
Q

what is a calorie?

A

it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g° of water by 1°C

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9
Q

1 calorie = __J, is it exact?

A

1 calorie= 4.184 J, yes it is exact

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10
Q

what is the coldest temperature on the Calvin scale called? what is it’s value in 0 °C?

A

absolute zero, 273 °C

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11
Q

1 K= __°C

A

1 K= 1°C

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12
Q

formula to convert °C to K?

A

K= ___+273

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13
Q

what is matter?

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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14
Q

what is a pure substance?

A

matter with fixed or constant composition

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15
Q

what are the types of pure substances?

A

element and compund

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16
Q

what is an element?

A

an element is composed of only one kind of material/atom

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17
Q

what is a compound?

A

two or more chemically combined atom in the same proportions (atoms held together by bonds, therefore they can only be broken by chemical means)

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18
Q

what are atoms held together by?

A

attraction forces called bonds

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19
Q

how do you separate pure substances?

A

by chemical means, you cant separate them by physical means.

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20
Q

what is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances physically mixed, therefore physical processes can separate mixtures.

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21
Q

What are the classification of mixtures?

A

heterogeneous mixture and homogeneous mixture

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22
Q

what is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

a heterogeneous mixture doesn’t have a uniform composition.

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23
Q

what is a homogeneous mixture?

A

A homogeneous mixture is any mixture that is uniform in composition throughout. ex: solution

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24
Q

What does filtration separate? (states of matter)

A

mixtures, separates solids from liquids

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25
Q

What are the states of matter?

A

solid, liquid and gas.

26
Q

What are physical properties?

A

they are characteristics that can be observed or measured without affecting identity of substance

27
Q

what are physical changes?

A

when appearances/states of matter change, but the composition is the same

28
Q

What is the melting point(mp)?

A

the point where solids are converted to liquids

29
Q

Is energy released or absorbed at melting point?

A

Energy is absorbed

30
Q

What is the freezing point? (fp)

A

the point where liquids are converted to solids

31
Q

Is energy released or absorbed at freezing point?

A

Energy is released

32
Q

What is evaporation?

A

process where water molecules acquire sufficient kinetic energy to become gas, does not have to be at boiling point

33
Q

What is the boiling point? (bp)

A

All molecules within a liquid gains enough energy to become a gas

34
Q

What is condensation?

A

when heat is removed from gas matter to become a liquid matter

35
Q

What is boiling?

A

The change of liquid to gas at boiling point

36
Q

What is sublimation?

A

when solid changes to a gas directly.

37
Q

What is deposition?

A

When gas changes to a solid directly

38
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

The properties that indicate the ability of a substance to change into a new substance

39
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

original substance converted to new substance with different composition and new physical and chemical properties
ex) rusting of iron, burning of wood.

40
Q

What is the specific heat?

A

of joules/calories needed to change 1g of substance by 1°C

41
Q

Formula for specific heat?

A

Specific heat= heat (j or cal) / (mass (g) * change in temperature (°C))

42
Q

Formula for heat?

A

Heat= mass * change of temperature * specific heat

43
Q

What is the order of energy sources in your body?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

44
Q

What is a Calorie?

A

1000 cal or 1 kcal

1 Cal= 1 kcal= 1 cal

45
Q

Formula for converting C to F:

A

(1.8)(C)+32

46
Q

Formula for converting F to C.

A

(F-32)/(1.8)

47
Q

What are the ways of separating a mixture?

A

Filtration and chromatography

48
Q

What is chromatography?

A

separates different component of liquids.

49
Q

What are properties of solids?

shape, volume, attraction, movement

A

Definite shape and definite volume
strong attractive forces hold particles in rigid pattern
particles vibrate in place

50
Q

What are the properties of liquids?

shape, volume, attraction, movement

A

Definite volume and definite shape
Particles move slowly in random directions
only sufficiently attracted to each other to maintain volume

51
Q

What are the properties of gases?

shape, volume, attraction, movement

A

No definite shape and no definite volume
little attraction in particles
particles far apart and fast.

52
Q

What are the similarities and difference between boiling point and condensation?

A

condensation and boiling point occurs at the same point, except heat is removed in condensation and at boiling point, heat is added.

53
Q

State the steps of a heating curve of water

from lowest temperature/least heat to highest temperature/most heat

A

Solid, solid + liquid (melting), liquid, Liquid and gas (boiling), gas

54
Q

State the steps of a cooling curve of water

(from highest temperature/most heat to lowest temperature/least heat

A

steam, water + steam (condensation), water, water + ice (freezing), ice

55
Q

What is the order of energy sources in your body?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, protein

56
Q

What is a Calorie?

A

1000 cal or 1kcal

57
Q

1 Cal = ___kJ= ___J

1 Cal= __kcal=____cal

A

1 Cal = 4.184kJ= 4184J

1 Cal= 1kcal=1000cal

58
Q

How many kj/g and kcal/g do you need to burn a carbohydrate?

A

17 kJ/g

4 kcal/g

59
Q

How many kj/g and kcal/g do you need to burn a fat?

A

38 kJ/g

9 kcal/g

60
Q

How many kj/g and kcal/g do you need to burn a protein?

A

17 kJ/g

4 kcal/g

Chem 100 (20 decks)

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