5.8 + 5.9 Flashcards
valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR)
electron groups around central atom as far apart as possible
how can shape of an electron be determined?
# of lone groups and bonding groups VSEPR theory
linear
# of electron groups
bond angle
2 electron groups
180- bond angle
trigonal planar
# of electron groups
bond angle
3 electron groups
bond angle- 120
bent (120)
# of electron groups
bond angle
3 electron groups (2 bonding groups+ 1 lone pair)
bond angle- 120
tetrahedral
# of electron groups
bond angle
4 electron groups
bond angle 109
pyramidal
# of electron groups
bond angle
3 electron groups
bond angle 109
bent 109
# of electron groups
bond angle
4 electron groups (2 bonding groups, 2 lone pairs)
bond angle- 109
nonpolar molecule are classifies as (2 ways)
non polar bonds
symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds
ionic bonds require high/low energy to break and the bonds are strong/weak
high; strong
covalent bonds are strong/weak and require high/low energy to break
weak; low
what are the 3 types of covalent bonds?
dipole-dipole
hydrogen
dispersion
dipole-diple attraction
attractive forces formed between polar molecules
hydrogen bond
between what elements?
strong dipole attraction between hydrogen molecule of one molecule and a lone pair on nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine
dispersion forces
weak attraction between non polar molecules
