4.3 Flashcards
Geiger counter used for?
what does it detect?
used to measure radiation
detects beta and gamma radiation
how does a geiger counter detect?
using ions produced by radiation to create an electrical current
Units of radiation (metric and SI)
curie (becquerel)
rad (Gray)
rem (sievert)
curie (Ci)
what does it measure?
measures (radio)activity/disintegration using
decay in 1sec/1gram of radium
rad (radiation absorbed dose)
what does it measure?
measures radiation absorbed by tissues of the body
rem (radiation equivalent)
what does it measure?
measures biological damage from different types of radiation.
becquerel (Bq)
SI unit of? precise measurements?
SI unit of curie,
measures 1 disintegration per second
gray (Gy)
SI unit of? precise measurements?
SI unit of rad,
joules of energy absorbed by 1 kg of body tissue
sievert (Sv)
SI unit of?
SI unit of rem,
1 Ci= __Bq
1 Ci= 3.7 x 10^10Bq
1 Gy=__rad
1 Gy= 100 rad
1 Sv=__rem
1 Sv= 100 rem
formula to calculate biological damage?
biological damage (rem)= absorbed dose(rads) x factor
Gamma ray and Beta particle: factor
1
alpha particle: factor
20
high energy protons and neutrons: factor
10
where do you get exposure to radiation?
medical/dental procedures
air travel, radon, cigarettes
naturally occurring isotopes (potassium-40)
How much radiation would be considered undetected?
25 rem
What happens to a body that is exposed to 1 Sv (100 rem) of radiation?
temporary decrease in white blood cells
what happens to a body that is exposed to more than 1 Sv (100 rem) of radiation?
radiation sickness
what happens to a body that is exposed to 5 Sv (500 rem) or more of radiation?
death in 50% of population
LD50
lethal dose to one-half of the population
does every life form have the same LD50?
No
how much whole body radiation would be fatal to humans?
6 Sv or greater
