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chem 100 > Chapter 1 - Chemistry And Measurements > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Chemistry And Measurements Flashcards

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0
Q

Branches of chemistry

A

General chemistry
Organic chemistry
Biological chemistry

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of composition, structure, properties, and ex of matter

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2
Q

Matter

A

All substances that make up our world

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3
Q

General chemistry

A

Study of composition, properties, and reaction of matter

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4
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Study of substances that contain the element carbon

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5
Q

Biological chemistry

A

Study of the chemical reactions that takes place in biological systems

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6
Q

Who were the early chemists?

A

Alchemists

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7
Q

What did early chemists study, and do?

A

Extracted metals from ore
designed some of the first lab equipments
Developed early lab procedure

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8
Q

Chemical

A

Substance that has the same composition and properties wherever it is found. Aka substance

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9
Q

What are the units of measurements?

A

Length, volume, mass, temperature, and time

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10
Q

Length:
SI unit?
Metric unit?
Smaller unit?

A

Meter (m)
Meter (m)
Centimeter (cm)

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11
Q

Define volume
Metric unit?
SI unit?

A

Amount of space a substance occupies
Metric: liter (L)
SI: cubic meter (cm^3)

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12
Q

1m :__cm
1m: __in
1m:__yd
___cm:1in

A

1m. 100cm
1m. 39.4in
1m. 1.09yd
2. 54cm. 1 in

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13
Q

1L :–mL
1L:–qt
–mL:1qt
1000L:–m^3

A

1L. 1000mL
1L. 1.06 qt
946 mL. 1 qt
1000L. 1 m^3

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14
Q

Mass definition
SI unit
Metric unit

A

Measure if the quantity of material it contains
SI unit. Kilogram (kg)
Metric unit. Gram (g)

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15
Q

1kg: –g
1kg: – lb
- -g:1lb

A

1kg:1000 g
1kg:2.20 lb
454 g:1lb

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16
Q

What is the difference between weight and Mass? (Define weight)

A

Weight is the measure of the gravitational pull of an object.

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17
Q

Temperature
Metric unit
SI unit

A

Measures how hot/cold a substance is
Metric. Celsius
SI. Kelvin

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19
Q

Time metric unit

SI unit

A

Seconds (s) for both metric and SI

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20
Q

What does a scientific notation equation consist of?

A

Coefficient, a power of 10, and a unit of measurement

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21
Q

define measured numbers

A

Numbers you obtain when you measure a quantity using a measuring tool. These numbers are uncertain.

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22
Q

Are non zero numbers significant? ex) 2.5 (How many significant figures?)

A

Yes, 2

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23
Q

Are zeros at the end of a decimal significant? ex) 21.00 (How many significant figures?)

A

Yes, 4

24
Q

Are zeros between nonzero numbers significant? ex) 2.05 (How many significant figures?)

A

Yes, 3

25
Q

Are coefficients in a scientific notation equation significant? ex? 5.70 x 10^2 (How many significant figures?)

A

Yes, 3

26
Q

Are zeros at the beginning og a decimal number significant? Ex) 0.004 (How many significant figures?)

A

No, 1

27
Q

Are zeros used as a place holder in large numbers significant? Ex) 25,000,000

A

No, 2

28
Q 
How many significant figures?
5.00 x 10^3
16.00
0.0040
4 x10 ^2
A

5.00 x 10^3 : 3
16.00 : 4
0.0040 : 2
4 x 10 ^2 : 1

29
Q

What are exact numbers?

A

Numbers obtained by counting items, are not measured

30
Q

When do you drop numbers when rounding significant figures?

A

if the first digit to be dropped is 4 or less then all the following digits are simply dropped.

31
Q

When do you round up significant figures?

A

If the first digit to be dropped is 5 or greater then the last retained number is increased by 1.

32
Q

Round these to 3 and 2 significant figures:
14.780
3262

A
  1. 780:
    - 3SF: 14.8
    - 2SF: 15
    3263:
    - 3SF: 3.26x10^3
    - 2SF: 3.3.x 10^3
33
Q

What is/are the rule(s) for rounding off significant figures in multiplication and division?

A

The final answer is written so it has the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures.

34
Q

What is/are the rule(s) for rounding off significant figures for addition/subtraction

A

the final answer has the same number of decimals as the measurement with the fewest decimals

35
Q

What are the prefixes that increase the size of a unit?

A

peta, tera, giga, mega, kilo

36
Q

Peta
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

Peta:
P
1,000,000,000,000,000
10^15

37
Q

Tera
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

Tera
T
1,000,000,000,000
10^12

38
Q

Giga
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

giga
G
1,000,000,000
10^9

39
Q

Mega
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

mega
M
1,000,000
10^6

40
Q

Kilo
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

Kilo
k
1,000
10^3

41
Q

What are the prefixes that decrease the size of a unit?

A

deci, centi, milli, micro, nano, pico, femto

42
Q

deci
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

deci
d
0.1
10^-1

43
Q

centi
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

centi
c
0.01
10^-2

44
Q

milli
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

milli
m
0.001
10^-3

45
Q

micro
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

micro
μ(u)
0.000,001
10^-6

46
Q

nano
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

nano
n
0.000,000,001
10^-9

47
Q

pico
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

pico
p
0.000,000,000,001
10^-12

48
Q

femto
Symbol?
Numerical Value?
Scientific Notation?

A

femto
f
0.000,000,000,000,001
10^-15

49
Q

What is equality?

A

Equality shows the relationship between two units that measure the same quantity. (same length, different units)

50
Q

What is a cubic centimeter?

A

Volume of a cube with dimensions of 1 cm on each side, 1cm^3 has the same volume as mL

51
Q

ppm

A

parts per million (mg/kg)

52
Q

ppb

A

parts per billion (mg/kg)

53
Q

Formula for density?

A

Mass of substance/ volume of substance

54
Q

when will a substance float in water?

A

it it is less dense than water.

55
Q

when will a substance sink in water?

A

If it is denser than water.

56
Q

What is the density of water?

A

1

chem 100 (20 decks)

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