Chapter 2: 2.1 & 2.2 Engines & Rotors Flashcards

1
Q

-Name the parts of the engine

A

Inlet, Compressor, Combustion, Turbine, Exhaust
“Suck, Squeeze, Bang, Power, Blow”

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2
Q

Inlet Section Description

A

-Inlet Cowling: air first passes. Heated by inlet anti-ice
-Swirl Frame / Swirl Vane: Imparts rotation for FOD removal. Heated by Anti-Ice
-Inertial Particle Separator: collects FOD and removes it from the engine
-Deswirl Frame: removes rotation and passes clean, smooth air to the compressor

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3
Q

Compressor components

A

5 stage, single axial centrifugal rotor/stator assembly

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4
Q

Combustion components

A

12 injectors, 2 igniters, flow through annular combustion chamber

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5
Q

Describe the Turbines
Ng
Np
Where is TGT sensed

A

-Ng Turbine: gas-generator. Drives the compressor and AGB
-Np Turbine: connects to the input module.
-TGT is sensed between the Ng and Np turbines

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6
Q

Exhaust percentages

A

70% for cooling, 30% for pressurization, T2 and P3

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7
Q

AGB components

A

Front: Alternator and Engine Driven Fuel Boost Pump
Back: HMU, ODV, Engine Starters, IPS

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8
Q

PCL positions

A

PCL OFF: power available spindle is mechanically off
PCL IDLE: starter sequence is commenced. HMU controls the start sequence until self-sustaining combustion
PCL FLY: max power that could be supplied, if demanded (FAIL-HIGH)
PCL Lockout: manually control Np and Ng. TGT, Np governing, Ng governing and load sharing are deactivated but Np overspeed protection is retained.

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9
Q

Function of the Engine-Driven Fuel Boost Pump

A

(1) provide reliable suction feed to fuel tank/minimize vulnerability if damaged lines
(2) provide minimum pressure for HMU/high pressure pump

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10
Q

HMU Provides? (RANFAN)

A

Rapid engine transient response through collective compensation
Automatic Fuel Scheduling
Ng governing: receives inputs from T2, P3, Ng to adjust metering valve flow
Flameout and Compressor Stall protection via the variable geometry vanes and anti-ice start/bleed valve
Acceleration Limiting
Ng overspeed protection: 110+/- 2%

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11
Q

ODV Controls

A

Prevents coking by purging fuel overboard
Provides fuel to the 12 injectors
Traps fuel upstream so priming is NOT required
Returns fuel back to the HMU if Np overspeed is energized or if hot start preventer is activated

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12
Q

EDECU Functions 4N 3CHEF TASTED
4N

A
  1. Ng decay relight feature: if Ng drops below 62%, auto-ignition will attempt to re-ignite for 5 seconds
    2 .Np governing: based on actual vs reference Np
  2. Np Overspeed Protection: 120%, sends signal to ODV to divert fuel back to HMU and cause flameout
  3. Np Overspeed Test: re-references protection from 120% to 96%. When depressing A, system is testing B
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13
Q

EDECU Functions 4N 3CHEF TASTED
3C

A
  1. Manual Contingency Power: flipping the switch will increase the TGT limit to 891+/-10
  2. Auto Contingency Power: enabled in OEI conditions. Torque less than 50%, opposite engine will auto reset TGT from 866+/-10% to 891+/-10%
  3. Dual-Engine Auto Contingency Power: allows EDECU to limit at 891 +/- 10% but requires 1 of the following to occur:
    a. Np drops below 96%
    b. ≥3% droop between Np and reference Np
    c. ≥5%/second Np droop rate with Np ≤ reference Np
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14
Q

EDECU Functions 4N 3CHEF TASTED
HEF

A

-Hot Start Prevention: TGT exceeds 900* C with Ng < 60% and Np < 50% and stops fuel flow by tripping ODV
-Engine Speed Trim: 96-101
-Fault Diagnostic System: EDECU Table

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15
Q

EDECU Functions 4N 3CHEF TASTED
TASTED

A

-TGT Limiting: actual vs reference. When approaching 878* C
-Auto Ignition System: after an overspeed and flameout, auto ignition closes the overspeed valve and turns on the igniters for 5 seconds. Will continue to cycle until Np is under control
Signals: EDECU faults codes
-Transient Droop Improvement based on collective position
-EDECU Lockout

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16
Q

Thermal Lockout of Engine Oil

A

below 38*C

17
Q

Engine Start System
-Starter dropout is when?
-Crossbleed start Ng requirements

A

-Starter dropout: 52-65%
-Crossbleed: Donor requires 90-94% and receiving engine requires 24% Ng.

18
Q

3 ways to Anti-Ice the Engines

A
  1. Engine Anti-Ice/Start Bleed Valve to the swirl vane
  2. Inlet Anti-Ice Valve to the Inlet Cowling
  3. Continuously pumping engine oil through scroll vane
19
Q

Engine Anti Ice Malfunction Indications

A
  1. ENG ANTI ICE when Ng is above 90% (94% with OAT > 15*C)
  2. ENG ANTI ICE does NOT come on below 88% Ng
  3. No illumination of ENG ANTI-ICE with switch ON
  4. No rise in TGT when ENG ANTI-ICE on (30-100*C)
20
Q

If electrical power is removed to inlet anti-ice valve what happens

A

Valve is open regardless of ENG ANTI-ICE or DE-ICE position

21
Q

Freon Bellow positions based on temperature
What is the concern here

A

Less than 4C: INLET ANTI-ICE ON
4-13
C: closing as temperature rises
>13C: closed
-If INLET ANTI-ICE is ON when OAT is greater than 13
C, indicates a malfunction of INLET ANTI-ICE which could mean a loss of up to 49% max power

22
Q

How is TGT sensed

A

Thermocouple harness

23
Q

How is NG sensed

A

Alternator

24
Q

How long does it take for AVCS to analyze vibrations and provide a solution?

A

5 minutes

25
Q

Tail rotor is __ actuated but requires __ to operate

A

mechanically actuated but requires hydraulic px to operate the pitch change shaft to move the pitch change crossbeam to move the pitch change links to adjust the blade pitch angle

26
Q

Tail Rotor purpose
-Canted how much?
-Produces how much lift in a hover?
-Tail Rotor Index prevents what?
-1 cable fail vs 2 cable fail?

A

-provide anti-torque and directional control
-Canted 20* upward and accounts for 2.5% lift
-Tail Rotor Index prevents windmilling up to 60 kts
-Tail Rotor Quadrant: transmits tail rotor cable movement to tail rotor servo
2 Spring Cylinders: redundant system. 1 cable fails, operates normally. 2 cables fail: provide sufficient tension to maintain mid-position anti-torque (25 or 145 KIAS at 19,500lbs)