Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is indirect assessment? Give an example
collecting information about the behavior without observing it like parent questionnaire, getting info from other peoples pov, interviews
What is direct assessment?
professional going in to observe target behavior
What are some things that have to be followed when observing target behavior?
- must be close proximity
- precise definition of target behavior
- make down occurrence of behavior when it is observed
What are some rules when defining a target behavior?
- identify what the person says or does that determines the behavior as an excess or deficit
- different people should be able to observe based off of your description
What is interobserver reliability/interobserverable agreeance?
when 2 people independently observe the same behavior and agree that the behavior occurred
What are some qualifications for the observer?
- someone who knows what they are doing
- must have close proximity
- be trained to identify and record target behavior
- have time to observe and record
What is self-monitoring?
when the client observes their own target behavior
What is the term used for when the observer is observing the client?
Observation period
What does it mean to observe in natural setting
places where target behavior occurs in daily routine
What does it mean to observe in an analogue setting?
places where target behavior may occur and are not apart of daily routine
What does unstructured observation mean?
no specific events, or activities are given
What does structured observation mean?
observer arranges specific events or activities to occur during observation period
What is continuous recording?
marking each occurrence of target behavior throughout the observation period
What is permanent product recording?
when the behavior produces a product; thats what you’re measuring. Like # of correct homework responses used to measure academic performance
What is interval recording?
when you divide the observational period into a number of consecutive intervals and record if behavior is occurring within each interval
What is partial interval recording?
you only check off the interval if the behavior occurs at any point within the interval even if it is just once
What is whole interval recording?
you only check off the interval if the behavior lasts throughout the whole interval of time
What is time sampling?
when you observe the client and check off if the behavior is active at any point of the interval that you decide to look up and see
What is momentary time sample?
when you observe the behavior but only check off if it occurs at the end of the interval
What is reactivity?
this causes the behavior to change even before any treatment is implemented like how we used to act differently when the teacher says the principal is coming for a walkthrough
How can you reduce reactivity?
- wait until the client is comfortable
- have observer record without client knowing
What should you know about interobserver reliability?
- a high % of IOR means there is consistency in the scoring
- the minimally acceptable IOR is 80% but 90% or higher is the best
How do you calculate frequency and duration?
smaller frequency/larger frequency
smaller duration/larger duration
How do you calculate intervals?
of intervals with agreement/total # of intervals
What does occurrence-only IOA calculate for?
low-rate behaviors because the behavior does not occur often it is easier to agree upon when it does happen
What does nonoccurrence-only IOA calculate for?
high-rate behaviors because the behavior happens often it is better to agree on when it doesn’t happen
In interval recording the behavior is scored in ____ intervals of time
consecutive
In time sample recording the occurrence of the behavior is scored in ____ intervals of time
nonconsecutive
Recording the behavior in consecutive intervals of time is called ____ recording
time sample
Recording the behavior in consecutive intervals of time is called ____ recording
Interval
What keywords can be used to describe reactivity
“As a result”
Recording the exact time of each onset and offset of the target behavior is called ____ recording
real-time
What keywords can be used to describe an interval recording?
consecutive interval
What keywords can be used to describe momentary time sample?
at that moment
What keywords can be used to describe real-time?
onset and offset
