Chapter 10 Flashcards
what are prompting and transfer of stimulus control used for
- develop stimulus control
- develop new behaviors
who uses prompting and transfer of stimulus control and what are some examples
teachers, coaches, parents, trainers
ex: teaching Trevor to hit a baseball, teaching natasha to read english words, learning new material for a class
What is a prompt
an antecedent stimulus or event that controls a response
When does a prompt appear
Immediately after the SD
SD(prompt) —-> R —-> SR
written word cat (teacher says cat)
—-> student says cat as a response
A prompt gets the behavior to occur in the ______ situation
correct
Response Prompts involve
the behavior of another person
response prompts examples
verbal
gestural
modeling
physical
Stimulus prompts involve
a change in an antecedent stimulus
Within stimulus prompt
modifying the target stimulus itself, making the correct response more noticeable
e.g., making it bigger, brighter, or moving it closer
extra stimulus prompt
Adding cues to the environment that are separate from the SD
e.g., when teaching a child which hand is right and which is left, a sticker is added to the right hand
what is the goal of transfer of stimulus control
have the correct behavior occur at athe right time without any assistance (prompts)
types of transfer of stimulus control
- prompt fading
- prompt delay
- stimulus fading
Prompt fading
gradually removing the response prompt; The goal is to help the individual perform the desired behavior independently
ex: coach provides less and less physical assistance to trevor to hit the ball
Prompt Delay
Present the SD, pauce (3-5 sec) and only present prompt if needed
ex: the teacher shows the word to Natasha and waits 4 sec. If Natasha does not say the word, the teacher says the word as a prompt
Stimulus fading
gradually removing the stimulus prompt; The goal is to transfer stimulus control from the added stimulus to the natural stimulus
ex: Initially, a therapist might use a brightly colored card to prompt a child to identify a specific color. As the child learns, the color of the card is gradually faded to a less prominent color, eventually fading to the natural stimulus of the color itself
Steps when selecting appropriate prompt
- Choose appropriate prompting strat
- get the learners attention
- present SD (response you want)
- prompt correct response
- reinforce correct behavior
- transfer stimulus control (fading)
- continue to reinforce unprompted responses
Verbal prompt
someone is telling/giving answer
Gestural
gesture to correct answer by pointing, or looking at answer
modeling
model correct behavior
physical prompting
hand over hand prompt
Most to Least Prompting
Physical
modeling
gestural
verbal
Least to most prompting
verbal
gestural
modeling
physical
When would you go from most to least hierarchy
teaching a new behavior
If a skill is still new but the client has done the behavior before, which hierarchy do you use
least to most since they have experience
Too much use of physical prompting could lead to what?
prompt dependency
Fading within prompt
refers to gradually reducing the intensity of a single prompt type
fading across prompts
involves transitioning from one type of prompt to another
