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Summer Bio Final - All Notes > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is oxygen imporant to the body,

A

Vital for cellular respiration

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2
Q

How is carbon important to the body,

A

Building block of organic molecule, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids

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3
Q

Are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids organic or inorganic?,

A

orgainic

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4
Q

How is Hydrogen important to the body,

A

Key component of water which is a significant portion of the body

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5
Q

how is nitrogen important to the body,

A

Crucial component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins

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6
Q

If an atom has an atomic mass of 12 and atomic number of 6 how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have? and what is its net charge,

A

6 p, 6 n, 6 e, no charge

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7
Q

What are valence electrons,

A

Electrons located in the outermost energy shell of an atom, which determine the atoms reactivity

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8
Q

Is carbon (6) reactive,

A

yes

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9
Q

Is helium (2) reactive,

A

no

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10
Q

Is Sodium (11) reactive,

A

yes

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11
Q

Is Chloride (17) Reactive,

A

yes

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12
Q

Is Boron (5) reactive,

A

yes

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13
Q

What changes in isotopes?

A

number of neutrons

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14
Q

Is O=O polar or nonpolar,

A

nonpolar

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15
Q

Is C(6)-H(1) polar or nonpolar,

A

Nonpolar

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16
Q

Are fats polar or nonpolar,

A

Nonpolar

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17
Q

Are sugars polar or nonpolar,

A

polar

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18
Q

Is C-C polar or nonpolar,

A

nonpolar

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19
Q

Is C(6)O2(8) polar or nonpolar,

A

Nonpolar

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20
Q

Is H2(1)O(8) polar or nonpolar,

A

polar

21
Q

Is C(6)H4(1) polar or nonpolar,

A

Nonpolar

22
Q

Is N(7)H2(1) polar or nonpolar,

A

Polar

23
Q

Does a cation lose or gain electrons? charge? which is the cation in NaCl,

A

Lose, +, Na

24
Q

Does an anion lose or gain electrons? charge? which is the anion in NaCl,

A

Gain, -, Cl

25
Q

Acid has ______ H+ and ____ OH- causing a ______ pH scale,

A

More; less; lower

26
Q

Bases have ______ H+ and ____ OH- causing a ______ pH scale,

A

Less, more; higher

27
Q

How would adding a buffer bring a soultions pH up?,

A

The OH- in th ebase would remove the H+ from the solution, increasing the pH

28
Q

Define a chemical element,

A

A substance that can be broken down into simpler substances via chemical processes

29
Q

what 4 elements make up 96% of the human body?,

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

30
Q

What is the difference btw an element and a compound,

A

A compound is a mixture of elements, elements are made of atoms

31
Q

what makes up atoms,

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

32
Q

Explain the processes that result in chemical reaction,

A

chemical bonds break & the atoms separate & rearrange themselves into new substances w/ new chimcal bonds

33
Q

What is atomic mass,

A

Protons + neutrons

34
Q

What are the 3 types of chemical bonds, how do they form, and how strong are they,

A

covalent: strongest, sharing of electrons Ionic: give/take electrons Hydrogen: weakest, bond of hydrogen atoms

35
Q

How is the attraction of electrons related to the polar covalent bonds in water,

A

Hydrogen is positive and the oxygen is negitive which is why water molecules can bond with other water molecules

36
Q

What is an aqueous soultion? what is a solvent and solute?,

A

Aqueous: water solution Solvent: dissolving agent Solute: Substance dissolving

37
Q

What is a pH buffer and how does it work,

A

A soultion of weak acid & base that resists a change in pH following addition of small amounts of a strong base. A buffer can Accept H+ if its pH gets low (weak base role) or donate H+ if the pH gets high (weak acid role)

38
Q

Further the shell from the center, ____ the pull

A

greater

39
Q

In each shell, electrons are orgainized into _______. There are __ in the first shell and __ in every shell after

A

orbitals; 2; 4

40
Q

What is electronegativity

A

an atoms attraction for shared electrons

41
Q

Does H have a strong or weak electronegativity

A

weak

42
Q

Does N(7) have a strong or weak electronegaitvity

A

strong

43
Q

Bonds with __ & __ are usually nonpolar

A

C & H

44
Q

Bonds with __ & __ are usually polar

A

O & N

45
Q

define endothermic

A

heat is absorbed to break H bonds

46
Q

Define Exothermic

A

Heat is released to form H bonds

47
Q

Acid ____ H+ Ions

A

donates

48
Q

Base ____ H+ ions

A

accepts

Summer Bio Final - All Notes (11 decks)

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