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chapter 2 Flashcards

research methods

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Social research methods

A

The toolset that sociologists draw from in order to learn about, understand, and contribute to social life.

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2
Q

What are the five main goals of sociological inquiry? Explain as necessary.

A
  1. Enumeration and description - census data collection to lay out basic characteristics of society.
  2. Prediction
  3. Explanation
  4. Debunking
  5. Social Justice
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3
Q

In relation to the social processes, what is the job of a sociologist?

A
  • describe
  • examine
  • and critique
    the processes to make the knowledge more reliable and less prone to bias.
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4
Q

What is the seven step cycle of a research process?

A
  1. Identifying an area of study
  2. Formulating a research problem and questions
  3. Conducting a literature review
  4. Developing a research design
  5. Collecting and analyzing data
  6. Write-up and dissemination
  7. Critical reflection
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5
Q

Why is the literature review step of a research process important?

A
  1. Allows the researcher to understand what has been researched already
  2. Can further clarify the significance of the study
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6
Q

What are three guiding principles or formulating a research question?

A
  1. Clarity
  2. Specificity
  3. Feasibility
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7
Q

Variable

A

A measurable attribute or characteristic.

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8
Q

Operationalization

A

The process of measuring and comparing an abstract theoretical concept.

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9
Q

Quantitative methods

A

Reliance on numerical values obtained through surveys.

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10
Q

Primack and others (2017) conducted a quantitative study about social media, what were the findings?

A

The study established a correlation between frequency of use of social media and reported feelings of social isolation.

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11
Q

What are two important concepts to be relied on when establishing trustworthiness of a study?

A
  1. Reliability
  2. Validity
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12
Q

What is a concern when using quantitative research to draw conclusions and implement policies that affect the government’s allocation of funds? Who established this concern?

A
  • it misses the complexity of everyday life.
  • Walter and Andersen (2013)
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13
Q

Qualitative methods

A

Examines characteristics that cannot be reduced to numerical values.

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14
Q

Saturation

A

When no new data is gained from additional data analysis.

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15
Q

Triangulation

A

Involves comparing and contrasting data from varied sources.

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16
Q

Mixed methods

A

Combines the strengths of different data collection and analysis approaches.

17
Q

According to Creswell, when are mixed methods necessary?

A
  1. Enable more diverse findings of a single phenomenon
  2. Confirm quantitative findings with qualitative data
  3. Better contextualize quantitative instruments and measures
  4. Combine small-scale and trend data
18
Q

What are two challenges faced with mixed methods?

A
  1. Time consuming
  2. Requires a scholar to have expertise in both approaches
19
Q

What are three popular places for sociologists to present their work?

A
  1. International Sociological Association
  2. American Sociological Association
  3. Canadian Sociological Association
20
Q

What are two mandates of public sociology?

A
  1. To study questions of public relevance
  2. Engage with the public and disseminate their work widely
21
Q

Cross-sectional approaches

A

Looking at social phenomena at one point in time and are not concerned with change.

22
Q

Longitudinal approaches

A

Taking into account that the social world is dynamic therefore the study of change is critical.

23
Q

What are three aspects of a conflict theorists approach to social research?

A
  1. Using methods that uncover and clarify inequalities
  2. Questions and critically examine who determines what counts as knowledge
  3. Researchers critically reflect and question their own role
24
Q

What are three aspects of a symbolic interactionists approach to social research?

A
  1. A goal of developing methodologies to study everyday and forced social order
  2. Uncovers the role of symbols and their meanings
  3. Use of ethnomethodology
25
Q

Ethnomethodology

A

The study of how individuals form common sense from their understanding of the everyday world.

26
Q

Dorothy E. Smith (canadian sociologist, 1990) developed institutional ethnography to uncover what?

A

The processes, relations, and biases within an institution that shape everyday lives.

27
Q

Standpoint theory

A

Proposes that we view the world from different social locations.

28
Q

What work was published that laid out the foundation for an ethnomethodological approach?

A

Studies in Ethnomethodology (1967) by Garfinkel

29
Q

What are three strengths of survey research?

A
  1. Questions are standardized
  2. Answers consist of predetermined categories
  3. Data from a large sample group can be obtained
30
Q

The Canadian census consist of two parts, what are they?

A
  1. A brief survey regarding basic information
  2. The National Household survey
31
Q

Ethnography

A

Researchers fully immerse themselves in a setting and observes participants.

32
Q

Alice Goffman conducted an ethnographic study in Chicago, what was the premise of the study?

A

She integrated herself into a low income community by befriending young black men that were members of a gang.

33
Q

What is the goal of participatory action research?

A

To effect social change through either:
1. increased awareness
or
2. the implementation of new social practices

34
Q

Photovoice

A

Participatory research; the researcher aims to understand the lived experiences of marginalized peoples through their own expression of that experience.

35
Q

Logan and Murdie conducted a study in 2016 through the method of photovoice, what did this study entail?

A

They studied 11 women living in high rise apartments in Toronto to see what it meant for these women to create a new home in Toronto.

36
Q

Tri-Council Policy Statement

A
  1. Outlines in detail the standards that research in Canada needs to follow

as well as

  1. protects people in Canada from potential harms and risks as a result of research.

sociology 1000 (18 decks)

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