chapter 2 Flashcards
what is spotlight effect
think others are paying more attention to our appearance than they rlly are
what is illusion of transparency? give an example from a study
the illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others
in a study, people rated themselves as appearing nervous but their partner didn’t think they were nervous at all
what are self schemas? give an example.
beliefs about the self that organize and guide the processing of self relevant information.
example: if athletics is central to your self concept (aka being an athlete is one of your self schemas), then you will tend to notice others bodies and skills, quickly recall sports related experiences, and will welcome information that is consistent with your self schema.
in the textbook they refer to a phenomenon called “seeing everyone elses highlight reels”, what is it?
people who socially compare themselves to others online are more likely to be depressed
when do we compare upward?
when we have an increase in status, affluence, or achievement
we essentially raise the standards that we evaluate our attainments with
in individualistic cultures how does the self develop with age?
becoming an adult means separating from parents, becoming self dependant (aka forming an independent self). our identity remains fairly constant as well.
in collectivist cultures how does the self develop?
they nurture the interdependent self: become more self critical and focus less on positive self views.
for example, when asked to expand on the “I am…” statement, they complete it with group identities
how can collectivism result in different ways of thinking? explain with an example
when shown an animated underwater scene, japenese recalled more background features and spoke more about relationships, whereas americans look more at focal objects and less at surroundings
is self esteem stable or malleable in collectivist cultures?
malleable (context specific)
what is a common error in behaviour prediction?
planning fallacy, which is underestimating how long it’ll take to complete a task
how can we improve our self behaviour predictions?
be more realistic about how long tasks took in the past, and estimate how long each step in the project will take
people have the most difficulty predicting the _____ and _____ of their future emotions
intensity and duration
what is impact bias? when are we especially prone to it?
overestimating the enduring impact of emotion causing events
especially prone after negative events
true or false: major negative events can be less enduringly distressing than minor
true
what is dual attitudes?
when you have different implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same thing
