chapter 1 Flashcards
how does social psych differ from sociology?
social psych focuses more on individuals and uses experimentation
sociology focuses more on groups/societies
how does social psych differ from personality psychology?
social psych focuses more on how people view and affect one another, and less on differences among people
what do our intuitions shape?
our fears, impressions, and relationships
in what ways can intuitions be bad/unhelpful?
we can misperceive others, we trust our memories more than we should, we misread ourselves/ our feelings, we misread how we will be in the future, etc!!!!
can personality dispositions affect behaviour?
yes
what is social neuroscience?
integration of biological and social perspectives to explore neural and psychological bases of social/emotional behaviours
is social behaviour biologically rooted?
yes
what is the naturalistic fallacy?
the error of defining what is good in terms of what is observable.
for example, whats typical is normal, so whats normal is good (but this isnt always true!)
does wealth/income impact well-being in poor countries? what about in rich countries?
in poor countries, being well off does predict greater well being
in rich countries, it still matters, but compared with poor countries it only matters a little bit. (eventually plateaus as well)
people who strive for wealth the most tend to have _____ well being
lower
what is a theory?
an integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events
what are 3 purposes of hypotheses?
- allow us to test the theory they are based on
- predictions give direction to research
- predictive feature of good theories can make them practical
is social psych research always in a lab/controlled setting?
no, sometimes it is field research
what are the two methods used for research in social psych
correlational research and experimental research
when correlation research is extended overtime, it is called a _______
longitudinal study
can longitudinal studies begin to look at cause and effect?
yes, because we know that some things happen before others (since the study covers such a large time frame)
what is an advantage to correlational research?
uses real world settings
what is a disadvantage to experimental research?
some variables cant be studied in experimental settings
what is the diff between random assignment and random sampling?
random assignment helps us infer cause and effect
random sampling helps us generalize to the population
what is mundane realism
degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations
what is experimental realism
degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants
what should an experiment have, experimental realism or mundane realism?
experimental realism
what are demand characteristics? how can we minimize them?
cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behaviour is expected
minimize by standardizing the instructions or using a computer to present instructions instead of a person
