Chapter 2

Question 1

Adiastematic

Answer 1

A form of early chant notation (10th-11th c) in which there is no “line” (as in lines on musical staff) for pitch reference. Diastematic came after this.

Question 2

Boethius

Answer 2

Medieval music theorist (Roman). Wrote “The Fundamentals of Music”.
- Musica mundana - music of the world, cosmos,
- musica humana - human body regulated in a rhythm ex heartbeat
- musica instrumentalis - instruments, singing and playing

Question 3

Charlemagne

Answer 3

(r. 768-814) King of the Franks. Helped to unite Western Europe through spread of Christianity, partially by standardizing chants into Gregorian Chants. continued expansion and common liturgy; crowned emperor in 800 (initiated Holy Roman Empire)

Question 4

Church Fathers

Answer 4

Theologians/Philosophers of the church in early Medieval society. Wrote about Philosophy and music theory similar to ancient Greeks, in combination with Christian theology.

Question 5

Clef

Answer 5

A musical symbol used to indicate which notes are represented by the lines and spaces on a musical staff. Ancient chant notation would often use a C clef.

Question 6

Custos

Answer 6

Guide or Guard in chant notation - marking at the end of a line to tell the reader the first note on the next line.

Question 7

Diastematic

Answer 7

A form of early chant notation (11th-12th c). Has one line for pitch reference.

Question 8

Final

Answer 8

The note that a chant ends on. In the authentic modes, it is the tonic.

Question 9

Guido of Arezzo

Answer 9

A monk who taught singing (ca. 991- after 1033). Invented:
- Solmization (ut, re, mi, fa)
- Guidonian Hand: pitch guide using hand signs
- Staff lines and their letter names

Question 10

Liturgy of the Eucharist

Answer 10

Catholic Mass equivalent to the Temple in Old Jewish Service. Offer Sacrifices.

Question 11

Liturgy of the Word

Answer 11

Catholic Mass equivalent to the Synagogue in Old Jewish Service. Study Texts.

Question 12

Mass

Answer 12

Catholic Church Service. Involved Liturgy of the Word (text studying) and Liturgy of the Eucharist (offering sacrifices). Chanting scripture and singing psalms.

Question 13

Neume

Answer 13

A sign used in chant notation to indicate a certain number of notes and general melodic direction (in early forms of notation) or particular pitches (in later forms).

Question 14

Reciting Tone

Answer 14

In chant, the reciting tone is the main note in a chant.

Question 15

Solmization

Answer 15

Invented by Guido of Arezzo. Ut, re, mi, fa,