Chapter 19 Vocab Flashcards
adjuvant chemotherapy
drugs are given after primary therapy (surgery or radiation)
alkylating agents
chemotherapeutic synthetic drugs that cause crosslinks and breaks in DNA to stop cells from dividing
anaplasia
loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type
antibiotics
chemotherapeutic drugs found in bacteria and fungi, which cause breaks in DNA strands to inhibit cell division
antimetabolites
chemotherpeutic agents that block the synthesis on DNA components (nucleotides) and prevent cells from dividing
antimitotics
chemotherapeutic chemicals that block the function of a protein necessary for mitosis
apoptosis
programmed cell death; some cancer cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis and live forever
benign tumor
noncancerous growth (neoplasm)
brachytherapy
radiotherapy that uses insertion of sealed containers into body cavities or radioactive seeds directly into the tumor
carcinogens
agents that cause cancer: chemicals and drugs, radiation and viruses
carcinoma
cancerous tumor made up of epithelial origin
chemotherapy
treatment with drugs
combination chemotherapy
use of several chemotherapeutic agents together for the treatment of tumors
dedifferentiation
loss of differentiation cells; reversion to a more primitive, embryonic cell type; anaplasia or undifferetiation
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
genetic material within the nucleus of a cell; controls cell division and protein synthesis
differentiation
specialization of cells
electron beams
low-energy beams of radiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors
encapsulated
surrounded by a capsule; benign tumors are encapsulated
external beam irradiation
radiation is applied to a tumor from a source outside the body
fields
dimensions of the area undergoing irradiation
fractionation
giving radiation in small, repeated doses
genetic screening
patients and family members are tested to determine whether they have inherited a cancer-causing gene
grading of tumors
evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells or degree of differentiation
gray (Gy)
unit of absorbed radiation dose
gross description of tumors
visual appearance of tumors to the naked eye; cystic, fungating, inflammatory, etc
immunotherapy
cancer treatment using immune cells and antibodies to kill tumor cells
infiltrative
extending beyond normal tissue boundaries into adjacent tissues