Chapter 18 Vocab

Question 1

adrenal cortex

Answer 1

outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

Question 2

adrenal medulla

Answer 2

inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 3

ovaries

Answer 3

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

Question 4

pancreas

Answer 4

located behind the stomach; islet cells secrete hormones from the pancreas. also contains cells that are exocrine in function; secrete enzymes, via a duct, into the small intestine to aid digestion

Question 5

parathyroid glands

Answer 5

four small glands of the posterior of the thyroid gland

Question 6

pituitary gland

Answer 6

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Question 7

testes

Answer 7

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

Question 8

thyroid gland

Answer 8

located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

Question 9

catecholamines

Answer 9

hormones derived from amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

Question 10

corticosteroids

Answer 10

hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 11

electrolyte

Answer 11

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells

Question 12

glucocorticoid

Answer 12

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulated glucose, fat and protein metabolism. glucose raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response

Question 13

homeostasis

Answer 13

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

Question 14

hormone

Answer 14

chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

Question 15

hypothalamus

Answer 15

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland; secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

Question 16

mineralocorticoid

Answer 16

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body

Question 17

receptor

Answer 17

cellular are nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

Question 18

sella turcica

Answer 18

cavity at the base of the skull; contains the pituitary gland

Question 19

sex hormones

Answer 19

steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

Question 20

steroid

Answer 20

complex substance related to fats, and of which many hormones are made

Question 21

sympathomimetic

Answer 21

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 22

target tissue

Answer 22

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones