Chapter 17 Pathology- Eye

Question 1

astigmatism

Answer 1

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

Question 2

hyperopia

Answer 2

farsightedness

Question 3

myopia

Answer 3

nearsightedness

Question 4

presbyopia

Answer 4

impairment of vision as a result of old age

Question 5

cataract

Answer 5

clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

Question 6

chalazion

Answer 6

small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

Question 7

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 7

retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and new blood vessels forming in the retina

Question 8

glaucoma

Answer 8

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

Question 9

hordeolum (stye)

Answer 9

localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous oil-producing gland in the eyelid

Question 10

macular degeneration

Answer 10

progressive damage to the macula of the retina

Question 11

nystagmus

Answer 11

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

Question 12

retinal detachment

Answer 12

two layers of the retina separate from each other

Question 13

strabismus

Answer 13

abnormal deviation of the eye

Question 14

fluorescein angiography

Answer 14

intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils

Question 15

ophthalmoscopy

Answer 15

visual examination of the interior of the eye

Question 16

slit lamp microscopy

Answer 16

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

Question 17

visual acuity test

Answer 17

clarity of vision is assessed

Question 18

visual field test

Answer 18

measurement of the entire scope of vision (periperal and central)

Question 19

enucleation

Answer 19

removal of the entire eyeball

Question 20

keratoplasty

Answer 20

surgical repair of the cornea

Question 21

laser photocoagulation

Answer 21

intense, precisely focused light beam creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal years and leaky retinal blood vessels

Question 22

LASIK

Answer 22

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction

Question 23

phacoemulsification

Answer 23

ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; the pieces are then aspirated though the ultrasonic probe

Question 24

scleral buckle

Answer 24

suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina

Question 25

vitrectomy

Answer 25

removal of the vitreous humor