Chapter 19 Lab Tests & Clinical Procedures

Question 1

cytogenetic analysis

Answer 1

chromosomes of normal or tumor cells are examined for breaks, translocations, or deletions of DNA

Question 2

immunohistochemistry

Answer 2

localization of antigens or proteins in tissues using labeled (coloured or fluorescent) antibodies

Question 3

protein marker tests

Answer 3

measure the level of proteins in the blood or on the surface of tumor cells

Question 4

bone marrow biopsy

Answer 4

aspiration of bone marrow tissue and examination under a microscope for evidence of malignant cells

Question 5

bone marrow or stem cell transplantation

Answer 5

bone marrow or stem cells are infused intravenously into a patient

Question 6

core needle biopsy

Answer 6

insertion of a large-bore needle into tissue to remove a core of cells for microscopic examination

Question 7

exfoliative cytology

Answer 7

cells are scraped from the region of suspected disease and examined under a microscope

Question 8

fiberoptic colonoscopy

Answer 8

visual examination of the colon using a fiberoptic instrument

Question 9

laparoscopy

Answer 9

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope

Question 10

mammography

Answer 10

x-ray examination of the breast to detect breast cancer

Question 11

PET-CT scan

Answer 11

diagnostic procedure combining CT and PET

Question 12

radionuclide scans

Answer 12

radioactive substances (radionuclides) are injected intravenously, and scans of organs are obtained