Chapter 18 Pathology

Question 1

hyperthyroidism

Answer 1

overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis

Question 2

hypothyroidism

Answer 2

underactivity of the thyroid gland

Question 3

thyroid carcinoma

Answer 3

cancer of the thyroid gland

Question 4

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 4

excessive production of parathormone

Question 5

hypoparathyroidism

Answer 5

deficient production of parathyroid hormone

Question 6

adrenal virilism

Answer 6

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

Question 7

cushing syndrome

Answer 7

group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

Question 8

addison disease

Answer 8

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex

Question 9

pheochromocytoma

Answer 9

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla; tumor cells stain a dark or dusky colour

Question 10

hyperinsulinism

Answer 10

excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

Question 11

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 11

lack on insulin or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch and fat metabolism in cells

Question 12

acromegaly

Answer 12

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities

Question 13

gigantism

Answer 13

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

Question 14

dwarfism

Answer 14

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism

Question 15

panhypopituitarism

Answer 15

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

Question 16

syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Answer 16

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone

Question 17

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Answer 17

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Question 18

fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

Answer 18

also known as fasting blood sugar test; measures circulating glucose lever in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours

Question 19

serum and urine tests

Answer 19

measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum (blood) and urine and indicators of endocrine function

Question 20

thyroid function tests

Answer 20

measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream

Question 21

exophthalmometry

Answer 21

measurement of eyeball protrusion with an exophthalmometer

Question 22

computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer 22

x-ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross section and other views, to assess size and filtration by tumor

Question 23

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 23

magnetic waves produce images of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to locate abnormalities

Question 24

thyroid scan

Answer 24

scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

Question 25

ultrasound examination

Answer 25

sound waves show images of endocrine organs