Chapter 19 (Test Review) Flashcards
Who was considered “avant-garde”
Gustave Courbet
What was Courbet’s focus?
Ordinary Citizens
In France, Artists could earn a spot in the
French Royal Academy
French Royal Academy paintings had to have:
- No Visible Brush strokes
- Idealism rather than realism
- Naturalistic Color
- Art had to convey a message
Courbet was a
Realist
Manet was
Realist & Impressionist
Monet was
Impressionist
Degas was
Impressionist
Renoir was
Impressionist
Morisot was
Impressionist
Van Gogh was a
Post-Impressionist
Seurat was a
Post-Impressionist
Gauguin was a
Post-Impressionist
Manet focused on
city life and had loose brushstrokes
Manet’s work _____ was accepted into the Salon but was heavily criticized.
Olympia (19th Century)
Where were the American Realists?
Winslow Homer (Watercolors)
Thomas Eakins
Edmonia Lewis
Which of the American Realists used watercolors?
Winslow Homer
What were the roots of Modernism?
Romanticism
What was the last movement before “modernism”
Impressionism
The goal of _____ was authentic representation of color and light.
Impressionism
Which artist wanted a complete break from the past?
Claude Monet
_____ became interested in light only.
Monet
In The Saint-Lazare Station, the focus is on ____ & ____ NOT _____ & _____
color &; light; NOT train &; people
Who created the Salon of the Rejected
Napoleon III
In the work Olympia. Olympia was the name of a____. She is presented flowers by a servant from a ____
Dumas Play; admirer
What was the Salon that artists wanted to earn a spot in?
The French Royal Academy
The work “The Blue Boat” was _____
watercolor
What did Renoir focus is work on?
Upper Middle Class at Leisure
____ encouragred Renoir to lighten his Palette
Monet
____ became interested in the light only.
Monet
When was the rise of Modernism?
20th Century
Claude Monet began to paint urban scenes instead of ____
nature
In Morisot’s work, “Summer’s Day”, she adopts ____ ___ of Impressionism (dissolving forms into a flurry of feathery brushtrokes)
sketch aesthetics
Which artist was especially drawn to ballet?
Degas
In “The Rehearsal of the Ballet on Stage”. Is this actually something that factually happened?
No; but it has the realities of modern life.
In “The Rehearsal of the Ballet on Stage”. Which technique is used from the opera box to the stage?
Foreshortening
Degas’ angular viewpoints could be inspired from?
Japanese Prints
Degas paintings often had a _____ message
social
At the time, ballerinas were seen as _____ because they exposed their body.
risqué
George Seurat believed that he was “____” Impressionism.
Correcting
Seurat used _____ on the work “A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of la Grande Jatte”
Pointilism
Post-Impressionism focused primarily on ____ _____. Such as: ___,___,____
Formal Elements (Line, Pattern, Color)
Seurat’s theme of his works was
Leisure
Van Gogh expressed more _____ in his work; Used ___ for his goal.
Emotion; color
What was “The Starry Night” inspired by?
Dutch Prints (Protestant Themes, Rembrandt Prints, From B/W to Yellow/Blue)
What is a thick application of paint?
Impasto
Where do we Come From? What are we? Where are we Going? was painted on ____?
Sackcloth
Where do we Come From? What does the Blue idol mean?
The Beyond
Where did Symbolist art originate?
France
Symbolist are usually had a _____ theme
Spiritual
“The Scream” One of 22 paintings from a series called the _____
Frieze of Life
“The Scream” Rejected ______ ideals of looking at light outdoors and instead looked _____
Impressionist; looked inward
Cezanne was influenced by ____
Cubists
“Mont Saint-Victorie” Cezanne painted multiple versions? Yes or no
Yes
Cezanne’s handling of paint is more controlled than the impressionists. TRUE OR FALSE
True
Who did not fit any of the categories of 19th Century Art?
Rodin
Why couldn’t the surface of “The Burghers of Calais” be smooth?
He needed to reproduce human feelings, and so the surface cannot be smooth.
Which war is the Burghers of Calais depicting?
The 100 Years War, the 6 individuals offered the lives if the English King spared the rest of the population.
The Burgers of Calais was during the ________
Siege of Calais in 1347
All of the Scientific Developments in the 20th Century led to
Viewing physical nature differently
Germany invaded ____
Poland
The Treaty of Versailles and ______ led to Instability which led to ___
Economic Problems; WWII
When did the US join the allies?
1918
Pavlov’s Dog is known as
Conditioned Responses
Who is the leader of the Fauvist movement?
Henri Matisse
Henri Matisse’s colors are
not natural and he has loose brushstrokes
“The Joy of Life” uses _____ lines which show movement.
Curvilinear
Color symbolizes _____
Expression
In “Street, Berlin” the two people on the left are ______. Their hurried movement is showed through the _____
Prostitutes; slashing brushstrokes
“Self Portrait as a Soldier” uses _____
Primitivism
Primitivsm is influenced on
Die Brucke
Die Brucke was led by
Kirchner
Two themes of Die Brucke are:
Natural World
Nudity
The Bridge between “old” and “new” and that humanity is a bridge to a better future is
Die Brucke
Who is the founder of Der Blaue Reiter
Kandinsky
Who Rejected Representation?
Kandinsky
“Improvisation 28” is
feeling through color
Which form of Cubism uses Brown and gray, DISSECTING THE FORMS OF THE SUBJECT
Analytic Cubism
Which form of Cubism is like a collage where works were constructed using other paper or materials.
Synthetic Cubism
The term demoiselles was a euphemism for ____
prostitutes
The Newspaper clippings in “Bottle of Suze” refer to the ___
Balkan War
The Rouen Cathedral was by who?
Monet
Cubism was named after ____ viewed Braque’s painting and said it was painted with little cubes
Matisse
Realism mostly depicted the
Working Class
Fauvism characteristics
unnatural colors, very flat
German Expressionism characteritics
Der Blaue Reither, Die Bruke
Cubism Branches
Analytic and Synthetic
The “Guitar” (Cubism) is what form?
Synthetic
The annual display of art by French artists in Paris during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Established in the seventeenth century as a venue to show the work of members of the French Academy, the Salon and its judges established the accepted official style of the time.
Salon
A painting technique in which pigments suspended in water are applied to absorbent paper, creating an image that cannot be corrected or reworked.
Watercolor
A French term meaning “in the open air,” describing the Impressionist practice of painting outdoors so artists could have direct access to the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere while working.
en plein air
A term derived from the French military word meaning “before the group,” or “vanguard.” Avant-garde denotes those artists or concepts of a strikingly new, experimental, or radical nature for the time.
Avant-Garde
The illusion created on a flat surface in which figures and objects appear to recede or project sharply into space. Accomplished according to the rules of perspective.
Foreshortening
Thickly applied paint that gives the quality of a three-dimensional surface to a painting.
Impasto
A style in nineteenth-century French and American art that was highly influenced by Japanese art.
Japonisme
Styles in which aspects of a work of art are exaggerated to evoke subjective responses rather than to portray objective reality or seek a rational response.
Expressionism
A style of painting which emphasizes the techniques and surface effects of brushwork (also color, light, and shade).
painterly
Art that does not attempt to reproduce the appearance of objects, figures, or scenes in the natural world. Also called nonobjective art.
nonrepresentational
Any art that attempts to depict an aspect of the external, natural world in a visually understandable way.
Representational
A handheld support used by artists for the storage and mixing of paint during the process of painting.
Palette
The theoretical spatial plane corresponding with the actual surface of a painting.
Picture Plane
A technique in which cutout paper forms (often painted or printed), and/or found materials, are pasted onto another surface.
Collage
