Chapter 19 Terms Flashcards
Alveoli
functional units of the lung; the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
Apnea
cessation of breathing
Asthma
an abnormal respiratory condition associated with allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea
Atelectasis
an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated section of alveoli
Bradypnea
slow breathing, fewer than 10 breaths/min, regular rate
Bronchiole
one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide
Bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion
Bronchovesicular
the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction; for example emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Cilia
millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree
Consolidation
the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia
Crackles
rales; abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard of inspiration
Crepitus
coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue
Dead Space
passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange; for example, trachea and bronchi
Dyspnea
difficult, labored breathing
Emphysema
the COPD characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal branches
Fissure
the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs
Friction rub
a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed
Hypercapnia
hypercarbia; increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hyperventilation
increased rate and depth of breathing
Hypoxemia
decreased level of oxygen in the blood
Intercostal space
space between ribs
orthopnea
ability to breathe easily only in an upright position
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
sudden awakening from sleep with shortness of breath
Percussion
striking over the chest wall with short sharp blows of the fingers in order to determine the size and density of the underlying organ
Pleural effusion
abnormal fluid between layers of the pleura
Rhonchi
low-pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions
Tachypnea
rapid, shallow breathing, more than 24 breaths/min
Vesicular
the soft, low-pitched. normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields
Vital Capacity
the amount of air, following maximal inspiration. that can be exhaled
Wheeze
high-pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound
Xiphoid process
sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum
