Chapter 19 Terms

Question 1

Alveoli

Answer 1

functional units of the lung; the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 2

Apnea

Answer 2

cessation of breathing

Question 3

Asthma

Answer 3

an abnormal respiratory condition associated with allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea

Question 4

Atelectasis

Answer 4

an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated section of alveoli

Question 5

Bradypnea

Answer 5

slow breathing, fewer than 10 breaths/min, regular rate

Question 6

Bronchiole

Answer 6

one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide

Question 7

Bronchitis

Answer 7

inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion

Question 8

Bronchovesicular

Answer 8

the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration

Question 9

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 9

a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction; for example emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 10

Cilia

Answer 10

millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree

Question 11

Consolidation

Answer 11

the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia

Question 12

Crackles

Answer 12

rales; abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard of inspiration

Question 13

Crepitus

Answer 13

coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue

Question 14

Dead Space

Answer 14

passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange; for example, trachea and bronchi

Question 15

Dyspnea

Answer 15

difficult, labored breathing

Question 16

Emphysema

Answer 16

the COPD characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal branches

Question 17

Fissure

Answer 17

the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs

Question 18

Friction rub

Answer 18

a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed

Question 19

Hypercapnia

Answer 19

hypercarbia; increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 20

Hyperventilation

Answer 20

increased rate and depth of breathing

Question 21

Hypoxemia

Answer 21

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

Question 22

Intercostal space

Answer 22

space between ribs

Question 23

orthopnea

Answer 23

ability to breathe easily only in an upright position

Question 24

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 24

sudden awakening from sleep with shortness of breath

Question 25

Percussion

Answer 25

striking over the chest wall with short sharp blows of the fingers in order to determine the size and density of the underlying organ

Question 26

Pleural effusion

Answer 26

abnormal fluid between layers of the pleura

Question 27

Rhonchi

Answer 27

low-pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions

Question 28

Tachypnea

Answer 28

rapid, shallow breathing, more than 24 breaths/min

Question 29

Vesicular

Answer 29

the soft, low-pitched. normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

Question 30

Vital Capacity

Answer 30

the amount of air, following maximal inspiration. that can be exhaled

Question 31

Wheeze

Answer 31

high-pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound

Question 32

Xiphoid process

Answer 32

sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum