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Understanding Human Disease > Chapter 19 - Skin > Flashcards

Chapter 19 - Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cells secrete melanin and filter UV light?

A

melanocytes

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2
Q

outer most layer of skin that contains keratin

A

epidermis

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3
Q

middle layer of skin that contain glands, blood vessels, and receptors

A

dermis

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4
Q

deepest later of skin that has oil glands, hair follicles, and a layer of fat?

A

hypodermis

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5
Q

bottom layer of the epidermis that has the cells that weather proof the skin? (keratinocytes)

A

stratum basale

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6
Q

what is the turnover of the epidermis layer of skin?

A

28 days

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7
Q

what is pruritis?

A

itchy skin

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8
Q

what is exanthem?

A

rash

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9
Q

what virus causes chickenpox and shingles

A

varicella zoster virus

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10
Q

symptoms of chickenpox/shingles

A

painful vesicles on skin

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11
Q

what is the main cause of warts?

A

100 different strains of HPV

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12
Q

are warts contagious?

A

yes - via direct contact

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13
Q

what is impetigo

A

bacterial lesion of skin that is fluid-filled and itchy

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14
Q

main cause of impetigo

A

bacteria - streptococci or staphylococcus

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15
Q

treatment for impetigo

A

antibiotics

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16
Q

predisposing factors of impetigo

A

stress in the host

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17
Q

dermatophytosis

A

fungal infection of skin, nails, and hair in which the fungus eats the keratin

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18
Q

where is dermatophytosis located? (which layer of skin?)

A

epidermis

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19
Q

tinea corporis

A

ringworm (fungal infection)

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20
Q

tinea capitis

A

fungal infection on head

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21
Q

tinea unguium

A

fungal infection of nails (thick, soft, discolored)

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22
Q

tinea pedis

A

athlete’s feet (fungal infection)

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23
Q

signs/symptoms of tinea

A

red, raised, scaly, itchy lesions on skin

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24
Q

is tinea contagious?

A

yes - thrives in warm, moist areas and injured skin is more vulnerable

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25
Q

what is acne characterized by the presence of?

A

comedones (blackheads and whiteheads)

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26
Q

cause of acne

A

hair follicles and gland ducts plugged with lipids and keratin (oil)
Bacteria then enters
Ruptures
Inflammation

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27
Q

treatment for acne

A

topical/oral antibiotics
topical/oral retinoids (vitamin A)
corticosteroids

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28
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of dermis

29
Q

4 causes of dermatitis

A

-atopic (allergy - eczema)
-contact (poison ivy)
-seborrheic (sebaceous glands)
-psoriasis (dysfunctional immune system)

30
Q

atopic dermatitis is also known as?

A

eczema

31
Q

what is eczema most influenced by?

A

environmental factors

32
Q

eczema is most common in people have other manifestations of?

A

atopy (allergy)

33
Q

will eczema spread?

A

no - but does come with severe itching

34
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory disease where immune system isn’t functioning right

35
Q

psoriasis is characterized by?

A

thick areas of skin with silver-colored scales

36
Q

treatment for psoriasis

A

anti-inflammatory ointment
UVB light
immunosuppressants

37
Q

vitiligo

A

patches of area with zero melanin

38
Q

albinism

A

absolutely no melanin in body, no pigment

39
Q

freckle

A

increased sensitivity of melanocytes

40
Q

lentigo

A

hyperplasia (increase number) of melanocytes in an area that causes hyperpigmentation

41
Q

melanocytic nevi

A

moles (benign tumors of melanocytes)

42
Q

what are moles causes by?

A

benign proliferation of melanocytes

43
Q

can moles become malignant?

A

yes but most are harmless

44
Q

ABCDE

A

asymmetry
border
color
diameter
evolving

45
Q

what is the most common type of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma

46
Q

what is the most dangerous, but less common type of skin cancer?

A

melanoma

47
Q

main risk factor for basal cell carcinoma?

A

sun exposure

48
Q

if a basal cell carcinoma is allowed to grow it can..

A

interfere with function (affect nerves)

49
Q

what is a neoplasm of melanocytes?

A

melanoma

50
Q

why is melanoma so dangerous?

A

it metastasizes early and doesn’t respond well to chemotherapy

51
Q

melanoma is more common with …

A

blistering sunburns compared to cumulative exposures

52
Q

is melanoma only in the skin?

A

no, it can be other areas like the eye

53
Q

alopecia

A

abnormal hair loss

54
Q

alopecia areata

A

autoimmune disease resulting in patchy hair loss

55
Q

senescent alopecia

A

hair loss due to old age

56
Q

androgenetic alopecia

A

male pattern baldness from hormones or genetic predisposition

57
Q

photoaging

A

changes in skin over time

58
Q

what is photoaging characterized by?

A

wrinkles, sagging, telangiectasia, rough texture, and irregular hyperpigmentation

59
Q

main cause of extrinsic/photoaging?

A

ultraviolet radiation

60
Q

two types of UVR

A

UVA and UVB

61
Q

what layer does UVA light penetrate to?

A

dermis (2nd layer) – also promotes photoaging and tanning

62
Q

what layer does UVB light penetrate to?

A

epidermis (usually from sunburn - promotes photocarcinogenesis)

63
Q

the majority of skin-related changes are due to alterations in which layer of skin?

A

dermis

64
Q

etiology of age-related changed in skin (3)

A

-decrease # and function of fibroblasts
-degradation of elastin and collagen
-decreased density of cells and blood vessels

65
Q

1st degree burn

A

damages to epidermis (light sunburn)

66
Q

2nd degree burn

A

damage to dermis (severe sunburn and chemical burn)

67
Q

3rd degree burn

A

damage to hypodermis (severe burns, but least painful)

68
Q

skin loss/damage results in –

A

fluid loss and infection (requires care in burn unit)

Understanding Human Disease (10 decks)

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