Chapter 17 Flashcards
metrorrhagia
irregular menstrual bleeding
menorrhagia
heavy menstrual bleeding
amenorrhea
absence of menstrual bleeding for 3+ months
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation (cramps)
endometriosis definition
functioning endometrial tissue outside of uterus
causes of endometriosis
retrograde menstruation
spread through vascular or lymphatic systems
genetic predisposition
what is the main risk of endometriosis?
infertility
endometriosis treatments
-surgically remove ectopic tissue
-oral contraceptives
-inhibit release of LH and FSH (AP)
-suppress production of gonadotropic releasing hormone
-complete hysterectomy
etiology of metrorrhagia
the follicle fails to mature –> no corpus luteum –> anovulation (no progesterone) –> increase in estrogen and the uterus sheds and bleeds at irregular times
cervical polyps
benign tumors on surface of cervical canal
-asymptomatic, can lead to metrorrhagia
-remove surgically
cervical dysplasia
abnormal growth of cervical epithelium
screening for cervical cancer
pap smear/test at 21 years old
risk factors for cervical cancer
HPV
multiple sex partners
genetics
what is the most deadly cancer of the reproductive tract?
ovarian cancer
what is the most common cancer of the female reproductive tract?
uterine/endometrial cancer
uterine leiomyoma
benign tumors of myoma (fibroids)
etiology of fibroids
unknown
risk factors of uterine fibroids
-30+
-obesity
-family history
risk factors for uterine cancer
-age
-obesity (fat cells increase estrogen)
-excessive estrogen exposure
what causes cramps in dysmenorrhea?
release of prostaglandins
ovarian cyst
fluid filled sac in/on ovary
etiology of ovarian cyst
unkown
what two things contribute to ovarian cysts?
hypothyroidism
early age when have first period
what do ovarian cysts put you at risk for?
torsion
PCOS
follicles develop, but egg isn’t released from ovary; many cysts develop on ovaries; produce androgens –> male pattern hair growth
what is associated with PCOS?
insulin resistance
hypertension
dyslipidemia
PID
infection/inflammation of women’s reproductive organs
what causes PID?
untreated STIs/STDs
complications of PID
-scar tissue
-infertility
-ectopic pregnancy
what does menopause put you at risk for from low estrogen?
-osteoporosis
-atherosclerosis
-increased FSH and LH (hot flashes)
what effects does supplemental estrogen have on the body during menopause?
-decrease risk for osteoporosis
-increase risk of uterine and breast cancer
-increase risk of thrombus formation and heart attack
