Chapter 19: Safety and Emergency Situations

Question 1

What is CPR and AED?

Answer 1

CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which is an emergency procedure involving chest compressions and artificial ventilation to circulate blood and preserve the function of the brain in someone experiencing cardiac arrest.

AED stands for automated external defibrillator, which is a portable electronic device that can identify and electrically correct problems with the beating of the heart.

Question 2

Explain the Good Samaritan laws.

Answer 2

These are legal protections offered to all people in the US and Canada that will protect someone when they offer assistance like CPR or first aid to someone in an emergency before a professional arrives.
These are the four components of these laws:
1. Permission can be given by the injured or ill person if possible.
2. Assistance or care was provided in an appropriate manner (not recklessly).
3. The person protected by the Law was NOT the person who caused the accident.
4. Care was provided because it was an emergency and trained aid had not yet arrived.

Question 3

What is the difference in an acute injury and a chronic injury?

Answer 3

Acute injuries are a type of injury or illness which has a rapid onset and progression.
Chronic injuries are injuries and illnesses which develop slowly and persist for a good amount of time.

Question 4

List some steps to help ensure injuries, both acute and chronic, are avoided.

Answer 4

• Always ensure a proper warm-up.
• Show students correct technique and alignment as well as proper posture and
  body position for each exercise.
• Show clients the proper use of exercise equipment and machines
• In complex movement or exercise patterns, establish the correct movement or pattern before adding speed.
• Create exercise programming that builds in rest and recovery to avoid overtraining.
• Offer modification to accommodate different fitness levels.
• Control the number of repetitions performed in one given set.
• Always ensure a proper cool-down and stretch.

Question 5

What is a first aid kit and what will typically be found within one?

Answer 5

A first aid kit is a bunch of items packed together to give immediate aid to someone with a minor or serious injury, illness, or condition. Included in this kit will usually be things like adhesive bandages, butterfly closures, rolled gauze, nonstick sterile pads, first aid tape, tweezers, a thermometer, ice packs, and analgesics.

Question 6

What is included within a good emergency exit plan?

Answer 6

• Includes a drawn floorplan of the space.
• Clearly labels all exit and entry doors, stairwells, and elevators.
• Visually identifies the location of the viewer on the floorplan.
• Clearly identifies the exit routes form the current location.
• Identifies where to go in case the elevators are not operational (if applicable).
• Clearly identifies a designated meeting place outside of or away from the facility or space.

Question 7

What is R.I.C.E.?

Answer 7

This is for victims of fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains. It is a method of reducing pain and inflammation from the injury.
R – rest
I – Ice
C – Compression
E – Elevation

Question 8

Know the signs and symptoms of insulin shock.

Answer 8

These are things like fast breathing, fast pulse, dizziness, weakness, loss of consciousness, vision difficulties, sweating, headache, hunger, and numbness in the hands or feet.

Question 9

What is a stroke?

Answer 9

This is when blood flow to the brain is halted for a long time and causes damage to the brain.

Question 10

List the signs and symptoms of stroke.

Answer 10

• Weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg (often on one side of the body only)
• Dizziness
• Confusion
• Headache
• Ringing in the ears
• Mood changes
• Difficulty speaking
• Unconsciousness
• Uneven sized pupils
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Loss of bladder control

Question 11

What are the steps to go through when someone is having a seizure?

Answer 11

• Immediately call for professional medical help
• Clear the area of other people or other objects that may cause injury
• Do not attempt to restrain the person and do not put anything in their mouth.
• Their clothing should be loosened and someone should stay with the person to monitor them until assistance arrives.