Chapter 19 Nutrition, Fluids, and Electrolytes

Question 1

(MR)
fat-soluble vitamin

Answer 1

a vitamin the body absorbs along with dietary fat and maintains in large stores, mainly in the liver

Question 2

(MR)
keratomalacia

Answer 2

a softening and ulceration of the cornea of the eye

Question 3

(MR)
rickets

Answer 3

a childhood disease in which a lack of vitamin D results in bone softening and muscle weakness

Question 4

(MR)
osteomalacia

Answer 4

a bone disorder that presents as bone pain, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, and bone fractures

Question 4

(MR)
Vitamin K

Answer 4

functions as a coenzyme for the hepatic production of blood clotting factors and for bone metabolism

Question 5

(MR)
Vitamin B₁ or thiamine

Answer 5

an important coenzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism

Question 6

(MR)
Vitamin B₂ or riboflavin

Answer 6

a coenzyme involved in tissue respiration and normal cell metabolism

Question 7

(MR)
Vitamin B₆

Answer 7

converted in the body to the coenzymes responsible for amino acid metabolism

Question 8

(MR)
Vitamin B₃ or niacin

Answer 8

essential for reactions in the body that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a critical molecule in cellular energy production

Question 9

(MR)
Vitamin B₇ or biotin

Answer 9

a coenzyme involved in metabolism, plays an essential role in many processes, including cell replication

Question 10

(MR)
Vitamin B₁₂ or cobalamin

Answer 10

a coenzyme necessary for cell reproduction, normal growth, and RBC production

Question 11

(MR)
Vitamin C or ascorbic acid

Answer 11

best known for its role in immune system function and as an antioxidant

Question 12

(MR)
tonicity

Answer 12

refers to the concentration of a solute in a solvent and how that concentration affects the movement of water across membranes

Question 13

(MR)
crystalloid solution

Answer 13

contains small ions and molecules. used to replace lost fluid and treat dehydration

Question 14

(MR)
hyponatremia

Answer 14

low sodium concentration relative to the normal range

Question 15

(MR)
hypokalemia

Answer 15

a condition of lower-than-normal potassium concentration

Question 16

(MR)
phosphate

Answer 16

is an anion that plays an important role in energy production within cells

Question 17

(MR)
hyperchloremia

Answer 17

an excess of chloride within the body, typically caused by diarrhea, kidney disease, or diabetes insipidus

Question 18

(MR)
acidosis

Answer 18

occurs when the pH of blood and/or extracellular fluid drops below the normal range, less than 7.35

Question 19

(MR)
obesity

Answer 19

a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body