Chapter 15 Renal System Flashcards
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urine
a modified filtrate of plasma
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kidney
one of two bean shaped organs which are located in the upper abdominal region
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renal artery
branches off of the abdominal aorta, brings blood into the kidneys
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renal cortex
the outer layer of a kidney and is responsible for filtration
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nephron
the functioning filtering unit of the kidney
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glomerular filtration
the initial step in urine production and the Maintenace of fluid balance
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loop of Henle
a long, u-shaped structure from which water and salts are reabsorbed into the blood
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reabsorbtion
is the process by which substances are pulled back into the blood after waste products have been removed during the formation of urine
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ureter
is one of two paired muscular ducts that extend from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
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urinary bladder
located in pelvic region. collects and holds urine until the fluid exits the body during urination
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internal urethral sphincter
an involuntary muscle, relaxes as the bladder fills to allow urine into the urethra
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external urethral sphincter
a voluntary muscle, holds the urine in the bladder before it exits the body
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detrusor muscle
smooth muscle in the bladder that contracts to help push the urine out
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anuria
inability to produce urine
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uremia
clinical syndrome resulting from renal dysfunction
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urinary incontinence
the inability to control the external urethral sphincter, thus allowing urine to leak out the bladder
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overflow incontinence
marked by the involuntary release of urine when the bladder becomes overly full, even if individuals feel no urge to urinate
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priapism
a prolonged and painful erection
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diuretic
a substance that increases the volume of urine output
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nocturia
excessive nighttime urination
