Chapter 13 Endocrine system Flashcards
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hormone
a secretion released by an endocrine gland into the circulatory system that has a specific regulatory effect on organs and other tissues
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steroid hormone
a messenger that passes directly into the cells of the target organ
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negative feedback
occurs when the level of hormone in the blood or the level of chemical it affects moves above or below a desired range
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insulin
helps cells burn glucose for energy and bind with cell membrane receptors to allow glucose uptake
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hyperthyroidism
excessive level if thyroid hormones
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thyroid storm
a dangerous condition that presents clinical features similar to those of hyperthyroidism
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Cushing’s syndrome
caused by an overproduction of cortisol or excessive administration if corticosteroids over an extended period
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Addison’s disease
life-threatening deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids that is treated with daily administration of a corticosteroid
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diabetes
disease characterized by high blood glucose due to insufficient levels of insulin
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diabetic retinopathy
the blood vessels of the retina, the back of the eye, become damaged, resulting in insufficient blood supply. The vessels’ rupture causes loss of sight
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basal insulin
slowly released throughout the day and night to allow energy for basic cellular function
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glucagon
a natural hormone released by the pancreas which stimulates the liver to produce glucose for release into the bloodstream
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fight-or-flight response
the body’s physical preparation to either escape or do battle when faced with danger
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positive feedback
the presence of the hormone or chemical it affects promotes the production of more of that hormone or chemical until some other input stops it
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thyroid gland
produces hormones that stimulate various body tissues to increase their metabolic activity
