Chapter 16 The Immune System, Bacterial and fungal infections

Question 1

(MR)
immune system

Answer 1

a complex system made up of specialized organs, ducts, cells, and proteins that work together to help fight infection

Question 2

(MR)
spleen

Answer 2

an organ that filters blood and removes microbes and damaged red blood cells

Question 3

(MR)
pathogen

Answer 3

a microorganism, such as bacterium or virus, that can cause infection or disease

Question 4

(MR)
phagocytosis

Answer 4

the process by which phagocytes engulf and often destroy pathogens and other particulate matter

Question 5

(MR)
antibody

Answer 5

a y-shaped protein that recognizes and then binds to a specific type of antigen after the immune system has been exposed to that antigen

Question 6

(MR)
bacterial infection

Answer 6

a condition in which bacteria grow in body tissues and cause tissue damage to the host either by their presence or by the toxins they produce

Question 7

(MR)
antibiotic

Answer 7

a chemical substance with the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria

Question 8

(MR)
spectrum of activity

Answer 8

the range of bacteria against which it is effective

Question 9

(MR)
nosocomial infection

Answer 9

one that is acquired while the patient is in a hospital or nursing home

Question 10

(MR)
antiseptic

Answer 10

a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

Question 11

(MR)
Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Answer 11

a reaction that can be fatal, marked by large red blotches on the skin

Question 12

(MR)
arrythmia

Answer 12

varying or irregular heartbeat

Question 13

(MR)
sepsis

Answer 13

a systemic inflammatory response to an infection, usually blood-borne bacterial infections caused by gram-negative organisms

Question 14

(MR)
loading dose

Answer 14

a large initial dose that rapidly brings blood concentration to a therapeutic level

Question 15

(MR)
chancre

Answer 15

a small, usually painless ulcer with a hard base, at the site of infection

Question 16

(MR)
fungus

Answer 16

a single celled organism similar to an animal cell and to a green plant cell

Question 17

(MR)
pulse dosing

Answer 17

a type of dosing regimen that produces escalating antimicrobial levels early in the dosing interval, followed by a prolonged dose-free period

Question 18

(MR)
normal saline

Answer 18

is a sterile IV or irrigation solution containing a concentration of 0.9% sodium chloride in water

Question 19

(MR)
echinacea

Answer 19

is an herb some patients use to treat the common cold, RTI’s, and even vaginal yeast infections

Question 20

(MR)
synergistic drug therapy

Answer 20

drug therapy using two or more drugs together because they employ different mechanisms of action that work better together than either drug works alone