Chapter 17 Immune system, viral infections Flashcards
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virus
an infectious agent that is much smaller than a bacterium and differs from a bacterium in many ways
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hepatitis
an inflammation of the liver. a viral infection that has various types (A through G)
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acute viral infection
quickly resolves and leaves no latent infection
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chronic viral infection
a protracted (lengthy) course with long periods of remission interspersed with reappearance
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slow viral infection
maintains a progressive course over months or years, causing cumulative damage to body tissues
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immunoglobulin
a type of antibody that is produced mainly by white blood cells called B lymphocytes
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interferon
exhibits antiviral activities that are host specific but not virus specific
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retrovirus
is a virus that inserts genetic information from its RNA into host cells’ DNA
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Human immunodeficiency virus
is a retrovirus transmitted in body fluids that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by attacking T lymphocytes
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antiretroviral
a drug that limits the progression of HIV or other retrovirus infections
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nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
works by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. this action prevents the formation of a DNA copy of viral RNA
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nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
prevents HIV1 reverse transcriptase from adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA chain
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protease inhibitor
inhibits the action of the protease enzyme
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entry inhibitors
fusion inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists, and post-attachment inhibitors prevent HIV from entering immune cells
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integrase strand transfer inhibitors
work in the HIV life cycle. enzyme that HIV needs to reproduce
