chapter 18 evolution of populations

Question 1

gene pool

Answer 1

all genes present in a population

Question 2

allele frequency

Answer 2

number of times an allele is present in a gene pool

Question 3

directional selection

Answer 3

when one extreme end of the phenotype range is selected for

Question 4

stabilizing selection

Answer 4

when the individuals at the middle of the phenotype range are selected for

Question 5

disruptive selection

Answer 5

individuals at both ends of the phenotype range are selected for

Question 6

genetic drift

Answer 6

when alleles become more/less frequent

Question 7

bottleneck effect

Answer 7

after a disaster or something where many die, only a few left regrow the population

Question 8

founder effect

Answer 8

when a few individuals start a new population with only their genes

Question 9

genetic equilibrium

Answer 9

alleles remain at constant frequencies

Question 10

hardy weinberg principle

Answer 10

if 5 certain things happened a population would be perfect

Question 11

sexual selection

Answer 11

mating preferences affect equilibrium

Question 12

gene flow

Answer 12

movement of alleles through gene pools

Question 13

speciation

Answer 13

formation of a new species

Question 14

reproductive isolation

Answer 14

separation of species if they cannot reproduce

Question 15

behavioral isolation

Answer 15

species don’t want to breed

Question 16

geographical isolation

Answer 16

species are separated by land and geographical barriers

Question 17

temporal isolation

Answer 17

when species breed at different times

Question 18

molecular clock

Answer 18

way to see how long species have been separate by calculating how many mutations are present

Question 19

gene duplication

Answer 19

some genes are duplicated, then one of them may be mutated and become successful/fail while the other is a safe option