chapter 11 - cell growth and division

Question 1

cell division

Answer 1

process in which cells divide into two (duh)

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Answer 2

reproduction with a single parent creating a genetic clone

Question 3

sexual reproduction

Answer 3

reproduction with two parents to create new organism

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

organized structure of DNA passed down per generation; contained in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell; made of twin sister chromatids

Question 5

chromatin

Answer 5

most relaxed and loose form of DNA

Question 6

chromatid

Answer 6

unit of DNA, single sister chromosome

Question 7

centromere

Answer 7

where two chromatids in a chromosome connect in the middle

Question 8

interphase

Answer 8

period between cell division when a cells grows and prepares to split

Question 9

mitosis

Answer 9

eukaryotic cell division where cell and nucleus divides into two

Question 10

cytokinesis

Answer 10

division of the cytoplasm; animals: cleavage forms and cell membrane splits; plants: cell plate forms and cells divide

Question 11

prophase (mitosis)

Answer 11

DNA condenses, nuclear envelope degrades, spindle fibers form from centrioles and attach @ centromeres

Question 12

metaphase (mitosis)

Answer 12

chromosomes align along metaphase plate at center of cell

Question 13

anaphase (mitosis)

Answer 13

sister chromosomes are pulled and separated to opposite ends by the centrioles

Question 14

telophase (mitosis)

Answer 14

spindle fibers detach, DNA loosens into chromatin, centrioles move away from the poles, nuclear envelope reforms

Question 15

cyclins

Answer 15

proteins that regulate the timing of a cell; external and internal regulators

Question 16

apoptosis

Answer 16

the programmed death of a cell

Question 17

tumor

Answer 17

mass of uncontrolled and rapidly dividing cells

Question 18

cancer

Answer 18

when cells lose control of growth

Question 19

cell differentiation

Answer 19

each new cell in an organism can become a specific thing

Question 20

totipotent

Answer 20

cell that can become anything, only the fertilized egg and first few divisions

Question 21

pluripotent

Answer 21

can form any not-yet formed tissue, usually cannot become tissue surrounding embryo

Question 22

multipotent

Answer 22

limited potential, adult stem cells

Question 23

stem cells

Answer 23

cells that stem into other cells, pluripotent in embryos and multipotent in adults

Question 24

blastocyst

Answer 24

hollow ball of cells in an embryo ready to specialize