Chapter 18: educational implications Flashcards
What is a curriculum?
The set of courses and their content at a school
In which 4 clusters is special education grouped in the Netherlands?
- Blind
- Deaf/language problems
- Physical/mental handicaps, chronically ill
- Psychiatric disorders/behavioral problems
What is passend onderwijs? Does it work?
Type of education is indicated on the basis of individual educational needs, developed to reduce costs fo special schools
It doesn’t work
- No less children in special education, but later
- Higher workload for teachers
- Delay for children with special needs
What does the environment think of a kid with a large vocabulary?
Environment tends to overestimate the child
What is a bidirectional or transactional process?
A process that works in both directions
What is pedagogy?
Any aspect of theory of practice related to teaching
How is Piaget’s theory still implemented in modern education? Name 4 ways
- Stagelike development
- Children are active participants and construct own environment
- Teachers should help kids overcome egocentrism
- Teachers should promote discovery learning
What is a point of criticism on the discovery learning idea of Piaget? What is an alternative?
Pure discovery learning occurs without feedback. There are few benefits for children’s learning. Learning with instruction is more useful
Alternative: direct instruction or guided discovery
What was Piaget’s view on peer interaction?
Peer interaction is crucial for cognitive development, because the gap between children and adults is too big.
The sociocognitive conflict that may arise between two peers forces the child to question own understanding
What is happens in a sociocognitive conflict?
Two peers having a different understanding of a problem and both opposing egocentric views result in the conflict
What are peer facilitation effects?
Pairing of two children can have a positive impact on children’s later individual performance.
–> Usually long-lasting
What task fits with the ability of perspective taking?
Three mountains task
What are some long-term effects of working in pairs?
Cognition, social skills, communication, self-esteem
Name 4 drawbacks on working in pairs?
- More advanced kids regress
- One child dominates
- Popular peers have more influence
- Positive collaboration needs to be actively encouraged
What makes effective scaffolding?
Scaffolding = the means by which adults structure and simplify the environment to facilitate children’s learning
–> Active in zone of proximal development
- First little help, if fails, more help
- When child is successful, decrease in level of control
What is the tower of Hanoi task? How does peer interaction influence the results?
Reconstructing a tower from A to C in as little moves as possible. It’s used for older children.
Peer interaction improved how quickly children arrived at the correct solution
In which type pair is the best type of collaborative learning seen?
In mixed-sex pairs where the girl is more intellectually able then the boy (compensation for dominance of boy)
What is passive coping?
A child who thinks others will solve her problems
What is a disharmonic IQ test profile?
Results on an IQ test that has dissimilar results for the verbal and the performance parts. If the verbal part is high and performance is low, child tends to be overestimated
What is the self-determination theory?
Theory for the broad framework of motivation and personality. It contains 3 types of motivations
What 3 types of motivations are in the self-determination theory? Which regulations fall under these specific motivations?
- Amotivation
–> Non-regulation: nonvalueing, incompetence - Extrinsic motivation
–> External regulation: just wanting to pass the exam
–> Introjected regulation: fear failure, perfectionism
–> Identified regulation: want to be a good student, importance
–> Integrated regulation: want to have a good carreer, awareness, synthesis with self - Intrinsic motivation
–> Intrinsic regulation: interest, enjoyment, satisfaction
Which type of motivation of the self-determination theory is most worrying?
Amotivation
What are the three basic psychological human needs?
- Competence: effective dealing with environment
- Autonomy: control course own life
- Relatedness: close relationships with others
Which teacher behavior fits best with the 3 basic psychological needs?
- Competence: instruction, structure
- Autonomy: classroom responsibility and choices
- Relatedness: concern, interest
What is the difference between Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s view on teaching methods?
Piaget: focus on individual level, others provide conflict and challenge
Vygotsky: focus on social nature of learning, others provide support and scaffolding
What is the difference between the intermental and intramental plane, according to Vygotsky?
Intermental: knowledge that is possessed between people
Intramental: knowledge that is possessed by the individual and has been internalized
According to Vygotsky, intermental knowledge exists before it becomes intramental
What is the medium of sharing knowledge?
Language
What is the relationship between inter/intramental ability and the zone of proximal development?
The distance between inter and intramental ability is the zone of proximal development
What are wood’s 5 level of maternal control in the tower building task? Which concept can you link to this?
Concept: scaffolding
- General verbal prompts
- Specific verbal prompts
- Indicating materials
- Mother perpared the block for assembly by orienting them
- Mother demonstrated by attaching the block herself
What are 4 aspects of successful scaffolding?
- interactive
- contingent = adjusted to individual
- fading = gradual withdrawal of support with increase of understanding
- transfer of responsibility from teacher to child
What is the student teams achievement divisions?
A method used to show how cooperative learning can work, according to Vygotsky’s theory.
Children work in small groups, teacher introduces topic and group members discuss this until they agree that they fully understand it
What is reciprocal teaching?
Instructional activity in which students become the teacher in a small group
What are attainment targets?
Descriptions of the knowledge that children should have acquired as they work their way through the educational system
What are 2 ways of assessing children’s knowledge?
- Norm referencing: tests based on average scores for population. They indicate how individual children perform relative to other children
- Criterion referencing: measure of a child relative to a specified criterion. This provides information about what the child knows in certain specific areas
What is a formative nature of testing? Which type of referencing matches best with this?
Function of assessment where the purpose is to support further learning.
Criterion referencing matches best
What are heuristics?
Simple strategies for reaching solutions
What will lead to the greatest advances in translation of knowledge how children learn into effective learning environments?
Development of strong reciprocal relationship between academic psychology, educational practitioners and policy makers
