Chapter 17 Flashcards
Yalta Conference
FDR, Churchill and Stalin, split Germany in four zones and Berlin is split in four zones and decided to have free elections and Soviets got Germans to pay reparations to Soviets
What were the four zones in the Yalta Conference?
British, French, U.S., and Soviets
What are the two groups in the United Nations?
General Assembly and Security Council
What is the General Assembly?
for everyone
What is the Security Council?
smaller, has 11 members, 5 of them permanent
What are the permanent positions on the Security Council?
France, U.S., Britain, Soviet Union, and China
What is special about the permanent spots on the Security Council?
they have the power to veto ANYTHING that comes before them
What happens to the other 6 spots on the Security Council?
they are rotated every two years
What happened in Potsdam, Germany?
Truman pushed Stalin’s buttons about the Free Elections that he was suppose to be holding, and Stalin told him that there was not enough room for the both of them in this world together
What is the Iron Curtain?
symbolic division between friendly countries to the U.S.
What is containment?
policy to stop communism
What are the countries behind the Iron Curtain called?
Stalin’s buffer zone or satellite countries
What is the Truman Doctrine?
lays out the support for countries that reject communism
What is the Marshall Plan?
$2.5 billion, the only countries to get money were our friends (non-communist)
What did the Marshall Plan change?
our Foreign Policy
What is the Berlin Airlift?
dropping supplies in west Berlin
Who won the “battle”of Western Berlin?
United States
What is the Cold War?
no fighting directly between the U.S. and Soviets, during this there were several proxy wars
What is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
What was the NATO like alliance that Stalin formed?
Warsaw Pact
What is brinkmanship?
willingness to go to the edge of war and waiting for the other to strike
What is an ICBM?
Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
What can an ICBM do?
powerful enough to launch from one missile to the other continent
Who was the first to put a satellite in space and who was the first to have an ICBM?
the Soviets
What was the first satellite called?
the Sputnik
What are U-2s?
high altitude planes
Who was the pilot that was shot down in a U-2 with a camera on it?
Francis Garry Powers
What is the Brain Drain?
when people who were smart were sneaking out so they built a wall
What happened in China after WWII?
there was a civil war
Who led the communist?
Zedong
Who led the nationalist?
Jiang Jieshi
Who got mainland China?
Mao Zedong
What was the name of mainland China?
People’s Republic of China
What was the new name of Taiwan?
Nationalist China
Who made the land reforms, five year plan, and Great Leap Foward-communes?
Mao Zedong
What was the Cultural Revolution?
return to hard core communist
What is Red Guard?
encouragement of young people to form
What caused Mao Zedong fall out of power?
the Cultural Revolution
What is the 38th parallel?
North went to the Soviets and the south went to the U.S.
Who led the multinational force to help South Korea?
Douglas MacArthur
Where did MacArthur attack at?
Inchon
Where did MacArthur push North Korea to?
almost all the way to China
What happened with the conflict over the hydrogen bond?
MacArthur said that we needed to use the hydrogen bomb but Truman said no and MacArthur went to congress and Truman fired him from the military
What did we sign with North Korea that seized fire?
Armistice
Who was the leader of the Vietminh league?
Ho Chi Minh
What did the French order on Ho Chi Minh?
to be arrest so he fleed
What is the Domino Theory?
Eisenhower believed that if one country fell to communism then the surrounding countries will fall
What did LBJ need from congress?
their approval to allow troops in Vietnam
What did LBJ do in order to get the troops into Vietnam?
he lied to Congress saying that the North Vietnamese fired on American Ships in the Gulf of Tonkin
How was Vietnam split?
divided into 2 at the 17th parallel, north went to Ho Chi Minh and south went to Ngo Dinh Diem
Who was the “good” leader of Vietnam?
Ho Chi Minh
What is Vietcong?
the people who lived in South Vietnam but supported Ho Chi Minh
What is Vietnamization?
pull American troops out and allow South Vietnamese fight
Who developed vietnamization?
Nixon
Who took over Cambodia?
Khmer Rouge
What is Khmer Rouge?
communist group led by Pol Pot
What are non-aligned countries?
countries who don”t want to be envolved
What is a first world country?
U.S. and allies
What is a second world country?
Soviet Union and allies
What is a third world country?
developing, not picked side, most in Latin america and Africa
Who is Batista?
the U.S. put him in power over Cuba, not a good ruler
Who is Fidel Castro?
he took over, communist, and this made Cuba a second world country
What did the U.S. do about Fidel Castro?
the CIA trained Cuban exiles to go in and take back Cuba
What was the situation with the CIA trained exiles to go in and take back Cuba called?
Bay of Pigs
What was originally suppose to happen at the Bay of Pigs?
the U.S. Air Force was suppose to drop bombs but JFK denied, all Cuban exiles were killed or captured, Americans look weak
What is the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Soviet Union began building Missile launch pads, 42
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis also called?
13 days
What does the 13 days represent?
the time period from the time we found out about missiles to the Soviets come up to the blockade
Who is Mossadeq?
lead take over of British owned oil company
Why does Pahlavi flee Iran?
because of the oil company take over
Who encouraged the take over of the U.S. Embassy?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Who did Iran blame for putting Pahlavi in charge?
Jimmy Carter
Who helped who in the proxy war between Iran vs. Iraq?
Soviets helped Iran and U.S. helped both sides
What is Mujahideen?
rebel group who fought against Soviet Union
Who is the ruler after Stalin?
Khrushchev
What did Khrushchev enforce?
destalinzation
How did Khrushchev treat the satellite countries?
BADLY
Who is the leader of Hungary?
Imre Nagy
Why was Imre Nagy killed?
because he ordered that all of the Soviets leave Hungary
Who was Brezhnev?
the ruler after Khrushchev
Who was Brezhnev like?
mini Stalin
Who is the leader of Czech?
Dubcek
What is Prague spring?
when Dubcek loosened censorship laws in Czech.
Who sent in troops and crushed the Prague Spring?
Brezhnev
What is the Brezhnev Doctrine?
he can make sure satellite nations stay friendly with the USSR
What is SALT?
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
Who signed the SALT?
U.S. and Soviets for 5 years
Where did most all countries meet for a conference?
Helsinki
What did most countries sign in Helsinki?
Helsinki Accords
What is the SDI?
Strategic Defense Inititive
Who brought us back to the brink of war?
Reagan
What was the SDI nicknamed?
Star Wars because they wanted to put satellite with missiles in space
What was the nickname given to Reagan?
Ronny Raygun
