Chapter 13 Flashcards
What are the three forces pushing towards war?
Nationalism. imperialism, and militarism
Who is the Dual Alliance?
Germany and Austria-Hungary
Who is in the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Who is Bismarck?
German Prime Minister who hates the French
What was Bismarck doing when he formed the Triple Alliance?
Isolating France so that they had no major powers to make alliances with
What did Bismarck form between Germany and Russia?
A separate alliance
Who forces Bismarck to resign?
Wilhelm II
What is the first thing that Wilhelm II does?
Lets the treaty with Russia expire and doesn’t respond to any contact with Russia
What did Russia do to make Germany mad?
They went and made friends with France
Who is in the Triple Entente?
Britain, France, and Russia
What does the Triple Entente say?
That they won’t fight against each other but that doesn’t mean they will help each other
What kind of alliance does Russia and France have?
a Defensive Alliance which means if one is attacked the other will help but if one attacks another country the other isn’t bound to help
What did Serbia want to do?
Unite all of the ethnic Slavs
Where are the Slavs from?
The Balkan Region
What did Austria go into claim?
Bosnia
Who are the heir to Austria-Hungary?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie
Where did Franz Ferdinand and Sophie go ride in the parade? When? What happened?
Sarajevo, Bosnia; June 28, 1914; they were assassinated
Who assassinated Franz Ferdinand and Sophie?
Princip
Who is Princip?
A 19 year old from Serbia who is a member of rebel group
What was the name of the rebel group Princip belonged to?
The Black Hand
What was the Black Hand’s main purpose?
To get Austria-Hungary out of Bosnia
Who does A/H blame?
Serbia, but the Serbian government had no idea
What did A/H decide to do?
They gave Serbia an ultimatum of long list of demands or they would go to war
What was Serbia’s response to the ultimatum?
They agreed to most of it but suggested that the International Conference settle the other things
What was A/H’s response to Serbia?
They were scared that the International Conference would see that they were trying to take advantage of Serbia so they declared war on Serbia
Who helped out Serbia?
Russia because they were both Slovic
What does Russia begin to do with their troops?
They begin to move their troops toward Germany and A/H
What did Germany do when they found out?
They declared war
What did Germany do a couple days after declaring war on Russia?
They declare war on France
Where did Germany attack France from?
The north through Belgium
What happened the next day, after Germany declared war on France?
Britain declared war on Germany
Who are now apart of the Allies?
France, Britain, Russia, Italy, and Japan
Who is part of the Central Powers?
Germany, A/H, Bulgaria, and the Ottomans
What is the Schlieffen Plan?
Germany’s plan to fight a two front war, send all resources toward France then quickly transfer forces towards Russia
Did the Schlieffen Plan work?
No, but it should have
What is the most important battle of WWI?
The First Battle of the Marne
Where is Marne?
Right outside of Paris
What was the outcome when the Germans moved in on France?
The French were able to stop them
What did the Germans re-evaluate to?
They left half in the west and sent the other half to the east
How far did the Trenches Stretch?
500 miles from the North Sea to the Swiss border
During Trench Warfare, what would they do at night?
They would go into “no mans land” and plant land mines, boards sticking up and barbed-wire
Who were fighting on the Eastern Front?
Russia and Serbia against Germany and A/H
Where was the Eastern Front?
Along the German and Russian border
Who launched the first attack?
Russians on the Germans and the A/H
What was the attack called?
Battle of Tannenberg
After 2 years into war home many Russian soldiers were dead?
5.5 million
What was the purpose of the Gallipoli Campaign?
To attack the Dardanelles, take Constantinople, defeat the Turks, and establish a supply line to Russia
What are the Dardanelles?
The sea strait that led to the Ottoman capital of Constantinople
Who gave up the Gallipoli Campaign?
The Allies
What did the Colonies supply?
Laborers and Soldiers
What did the Indians believe would happen if they fought for the British?
Their independence
What did Japan do?
They attacked and took all of Germany’s colonies in Asia
How did America become involved in WWI?
The Lusitania was bombed
What was the Lusitania?
It was a passenger ship, claimed to have been transporting ammunition (which was true)
What was the rule on ships?
They could not be attacked unless involved in war efforts
What is unrestricted submarine warfare?
The Germans could shoot down any ship tat came near Britain
What did the Germans think this would do?
They thought it would cut off England and they will surrender before they made the Americans mad
What is the Zimmerman note?
A telegram that was intercepted by the British, it was a message from the Germans to Zimmerman that said if Mexico jumps in the war with the Central Powers they will help Mexico get back they land they lost to the U.S.
Who is Zimmerman?
Foreign Minister in Mexico
What were the US’s feelings about the Zimmerman note?
They were mad
When did the U.S. declare war on Germany?
April 2, 1917
What is total war?
That the countries devoted all of their resources to the war
What was rationing?
The government controlled how much you got from butter to shoe leather
What was propaganda?
biased or one-sided information, government censored what we heard and advertising
Who began to take men’s jobs?
Women
What caused the Czar of Russia to step down?
A Revolution
What was type of government was placed in Russia?
A temporary government
What did the temporary government vote to do?
To continue fighting
Who is Lenin?
A communist leader who seized power in Russia
What did Lenin insist upon doing?
Ending the country’s involvement in the war
What did Lenin do between Russia and Germany?
Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
What did the treaty between Russia and Germany do?
Ended the war between them
What battle was the first big battle for America?
Second Battle of the Marne
What did the Germans do?
They fleed
What is the order of the Central Powers falling out?
Bulgaria, then Ottomans, A/H has a revolution, and Germany is all that is left and they are retreating
What is the Armistice?
An agreement to stop fighting, now veterans day
What is the Legacy of the way?
8.5 million dead, 21 million wounded, countless civilians, $338 billion , widespread destruction of crops, farms, villages, homes, towns, lost generations showed in art and literature
What was the place called that worked out the orders of peace?
The Palace of Versailles/ Paris Peace Conference
Who were in the Big Four?
Wilson (U.S.), Clemenceau (France), George (Great Britain) and Orlando (Italy)
How many countries were represented at the Paris Peace Conference?
32 countries
What were Clemenceau’s feelings?
He was mad and angry
What were Orlando’s feelings?
Appreciate more
What were Wilson’s Plans?
He had fourteen points
What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
#1-4: an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade and reduced national armies and navies #5: adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial people #6-13: specific suggestions for changing borders and creating new nations, the guiding idea was self-determination #14: general association of nations
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 28, 1919
What happened under the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany lost colonies, restriction on military, had to agree to article 231
What is article 231?
War guilt clause
What was created after Wilson’s 14th point?
League of Nations
What was Wilson’s reaction toward the League of Nations?
It wasn’t created the way he wanted
Who weren’t allowed to join the League of Nations?
Russia and Germany
What did Congress refuse?
To sign the Treaty and also to join the League of Nations
What were Germany’s feelings toward the League of Nations?
Angry and bitter, colonies wanted independence
What were Italy’s and Japan’s feelings toward the League of Nations?
Unhappy, not enough land
What was the quote that went with the Treaty?
“A peace built on quicksand”
