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Harrison > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three forces pushing towards war?

A

Nationalism. imperialism, and militarism

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2
Q

Who is the Dual Alliance?

A

Germany and Austria-Hungary

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3
Q

Who is in the Triple Alliance?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

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4
Q

Who is Bismarck?

A

German Prime Minister who hates the French

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5
Q

What was Bismarck doing when he formed the Triple Alliance?

A

Isolating France so that they had no major powers to make alliances with

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6
Q

What did Bismarck form between Germany and Russia?

A

A separate alliance

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7
Q

Who forces Bismarck to resign?

A

Wilhelm II

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8
Q

What is the first thing that Wilhelm II does?

A

Lets the treaty with Russia expire and doesn’t respond to any contact with Russia

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9
Q

What did Russia do to make Germany mad?

A

They went and made friends with France

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10
Q

Who is in the Triple Entente?

A

Britain, France, and Russia

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11
Q

What does the Triple Entente say?

A

That they won’t fight against each other but that doesn’t mean they will help each other

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12
Q

What kind of alliance does Russia and France have?

A

a Defensive Alliance which means if one is attacked the other will help but if one attacks another country the other isn’t bound to help

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13
Q

What did Serbia want to do?

A

Unite all of the ethnic Slavs

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14
Q

Where are the Slavs from?

A

The Balkan Region

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15
Q

What did Austria go into claim?

A

Bosnia

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16
Q

Who are the heir to Austria-Hungary?

A

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie

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17
Q

Where did Franz Ferdinand and Sophie go ride in the parade? When? What happened?

A

Sarajevo, Bosnia; June 28, 1914; they were assassinated

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18
Q

Who assassinated Franz Ferdinand and Sophie?

A

Princip

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19
Q

Who is Princip?

A

A 19 year old from Serbia who is a member of rebel group

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20
Q

What was the name of the rebel group Princip belonged to?

A

The Black Hand

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21
Q

What was the Black Hand’s main purpose?

A

To get Austria-Hungary out of Bosnia

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22
Q

Who does A/H blame?

A

Serbia, but the Serbian government had no idea

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23
Q

What did A/H decide to do?

A

They gave Serbia an ultimatum of long list of demands or they would go to war

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24
Q

What was Serbia’s response to the ultimatum?

A

They agreed to most of it but suggested that the International Conference settle the other things

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25
Q

What was A/H’s response to Serbia?

A

They were scared that the International Conference would see that they were trying to take advantage of Serbia so they declared war on Serbia

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26
Q

Who helped out Serbia?

A

Russia because they were both Slovic

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27
Q

What does Russia begin to do with their troops?

A

They begin to move their troops toward Germany and A/H

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28
Q

What did Germany do when they found out?

A

They declared war

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29
Q

What did Germany do a couple days after declaring war on Russia?

A

They declare war on France

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30
Q

Where did Germany attack France from?

A

The north through Belgium

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31
Q

What happened the next day, after Germany declared war on France?

A

Britain declared war on Germany

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32
Q

Who are now apart of the Allies?

A

France, Britain, Russia, Italy, and Japan

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33
Q

Who is part of the Central Powers?

A

Germany, A/H, Bulgaria, and the Ottomans

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34
Q

What is the Schlieffen Plan?

A

Germany’s plan to fight a two front war, send all resources toward France then quickly transfer forces towards Russia

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35
Q

Did the Schlieffen Plan work?

A

No, but it should have

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36
Q

What is the most important battle of WWI?

A

The First Battle of the Marne

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37
Q

Where is Marne?

A

Right outside of Paris

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38
Q

What was the outcome when the Germans moved in on France?

A

The French were able to stop them

39
Q

What did the Germans re-evaluate to?

A

They left half in the west and sent the other half to the east

40
Q

How far did the Trenches Stretch?

A

500 miles from the North Sea to the Swiss border

41
Q

During Trench Warfare, what would they do at night?

A

They would go into “no mans land” and plant land mines, boards sticking up and barbed-wire

42
Q

Who were fighting on the Eastern Front?

A

Russia and Serbia against Germany and A/H

43
Q

Where was the Eastern Front?

A

Along the German and Russian border

44
Q

Who launched the first attack?

A

Russians on the Germans and the A/H

45
Q

What was the attack called?

A

Battle of Tannenberg

46
Q

After 2 years into war home many Russian soldiers were dead?

A

5.5 million

47
Q

What was the purpose of the Gallipoli Campaign?

A

To attack the Dardanelles, take Constantinople, defeat the Turks, and establish a supply line to Russia

48
Q

What are the Dardanelles?

A

The sea strait that led to the Ottoman capital of Constantinople

49
Q

Who gave up the Gallipoli Campaign?

A

The Allies

50
Q

What did the Colonies supply?

A

Laborers and Soldiers

51
Q

What did the Indians believe would happen if they fought for the British?

A

Their independence

52
Q

What did Japan do?

A

They attacked and took all of Germany’s colonies in Asia

53
Q

How did America become involved in WWI?

A

The Lusitania was bombed

54
Q

What was the Lusitania?

A

It was a passenger ship, claimed to have been transporting ammunition (which was true)

55
Q

What was the rule on ships?

A

They could not be attacked unless involved in war efforts

56
Q

What is unrestricted submarine warfare?

A

The Germans could shoot down any ship tat came near Britain

57
Q

What did the Germans think this would do?

A

They thought it would cut off England and they will surrender before they made the Americans mad

58
Q

What is the Zimmerman note?

A

A telegram that was intercepted by the British, it was a message from the Germans to Zimmerman that said if Mexico jumps in the war with the Central Powers they will help Mexico get back they land they lost to the U.S.

59
Q

Who is Zimmerman?

A

Foreign Minister in Mexico

60
Q

What were the US’s feelings about the Zimmerman note?

A

They were mad

61
Q

When did the U.S. declare war on Germany?

A

April 2, 1917

62
Q

What is total war?

A

That the countries devoted all of their resources to the war

63
Q

What was rationing?

A

The government controlled how much you got from butter to shoe leather

64
Q

What was propaganda?

A

biased or one-sided information, government censored what we heard and advertising

65
Q

Who began to take men’s jobs?

A

Women

66
Q

What caused the Czar of Russia to step down?

A

A Revolution

67
Q

What was type of government was placed in Russia?

A

A temporary government

68
Q

What did the temporary government vote to do?

A

To continue fighting

69
Q

Who is Lenin?

A

A communist leader who seized power in Russia

70
Q

What did Lenin insist upon doing?

A

Ending the country’s involvement in the war

71
Q

What did Lenin do between Russia and Germany?

A

Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

72
Q

What did the treaty between Russia and Germany do?

A

Ended the war between them

73
Q

What battle was the first big battle for America?

A

Second Battle of the Marne

74
Q

What did the Germans do?

A

They fleed

75
Q

What is the order of the Central Powers falling out?

A

Bulgaria, then Ottomans, A/H has a revolution, and Germany is all that is left and they are retreating

76
Q

What is the Armistice?

A

An agreement to stop fighting, now veterans day

77
Q

What is the Legacy of the way?

A

8.5 million dead, 21 million wounded, countless civilians, $338 billion , widespread destruction of crops, farms, villages, homes, towns, lost generations showed in art and literature

78
Q

What was the place called that worked out the orders of peace?

A

The Palace of Versailles/ Paris Peace Conference

79
Q

Who were in the Big Four?

A

Wilson (U.S.), Clemenceau (France), George (Great Britain) and Orlando (Italy)

80
Q

How many countries were represented at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

32 countries

81
Q

What were Clemenceau’s feelings?

A

He was mad and angry

82
Q

What were Orlando’s feelings?

A

Appreciate more

83
Q

What were Wilson’s Plans?

A

He had fourteen points

84
Q

What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

A 
#1-4: an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade and reduced national armies and navies 
#5: adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial people
#6-13: specific suggestions for changing borders and creating new nations, the guiding idea was self-determination 
#14: general association of nations
85
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

June 28, 1919

86
Q

What happened under the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Germany lost colonies, restriction on military, had to agree to article 231

87
Q

What is article 231?

A

War guilt clause

88
Q

What was created after Wilson’s 14th point?

A

League of Nations

89
Q

What was Wilson’s reaction toward the League of Nations?

A

It wasn’t created the way he wanted

90
Q

Who weren’t allowed to join the League of Nations?

A

Russia and Germany

91
Q

What did Congress refuse?

A

To sign the Treaty and also to join the League of Nations

92
Q

What were Germany’s feelings toward the League of Nations?

A

Angry and bitter, colonies wanted independence

93
Q

What were Italy’s and Japan’s feelings toward the League of Nations?

A

Unhappy, not enough land

94
Q

What was the quote that went with the Treaty?

A

“A peace built on quicksand”

Harrison (10 decks)

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